Estudo da resiliência urbana do município de Diadema (SP) em relação aos impactos das mudanças climáticas
Data
2021-10-27
Autores
Santos, Alexandre Gregorio dos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Costa, Rosangela Calado da [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A mudança climática global em curso tem, entre suas principais consequências, o aumento da frequência de eventos extremos, tais como ondas de calor, secas e inundações. Esses eventos, ao ocorrerem, afetam os grupos sociais de maneira desigual, atingindo de forma mais intensa aqueles que vivem em condição de vulnerabilidade socioambiental. Para enfrentar os efeitos decorrentes da mudança climática associada ao aquecimento global, é importante que as cidades aprimorem a sua resiliência, ou seja, busquem reduzir as vulnerabilidades de modo a desenvolver capacidade de adaptação. Considerando essa perspectiva, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi caracterizar o nível de resiliência do município de Diadema (SP) quanto à ocorrência de eventos extremos relacionados a mudanças climáticas, considerando a capacidade institucional, vulnerabilidade socioambiental e as políticas públicas de enfrentamento das mudanças climáticas incidentes no município. Para análise da resiliência do município em relação aos aspectos institucionais, aplicou-se o Índice de Resiliência de Cidades (IRCi), mediante preenchimento de formulário mediante realização de entrevistas com técnicos de secretarias municipais. Para avaliar a vulnerabilidade socioambiental local, realizou-se levantamento bibliográfico dos indicadores sociais e ambientais para a área de estudo e elaborou-se o mapa de vulnerabilidade socioambiental, com a sobreposição de dados do Índice Paulista de Vulnerabilidade Social (IPVS) relativos à suscetibilidade a movimentos gravitacionais de massa e a inundações, com a indicação de áreas prioritárias para a gestão de riscos de desastres. Para a identificação das políticas públicas, ações e estratégias de enfrentamento previstas pelo poder público local para os riscos socioambientais atrelados às mudanças climáticas foi realizado levantamento bibliográfico. Obteve-se o IRCi de 0,73, ou seja, em relação aos aspectos institucionais, Diadema está com 73% do valor ideal, o que significa que o município não é resiliente em todos os aspectos. Entretanto, com conhecimento de suas fragilidades apontadas pela aplicação do índice, é possível buscar melhorias, especialmente na criação e fortalecimento do conselho de defesa civil, Nudecs e maior abrangência das despesas com projetos de gestão de riscos de desastres. A vulnerabilidade socioambiental do município foi apresentada em mapas com a localização das áreas juntamente com registro de fotos, apontando-se áreas que podem se tornar prioritárias para a gestão de riscos de desastres, localizadas nos bairros de eldorado, Inamar e Piraporinha. Foi possível avaliar que Diadema possui dois instrumentos principais: o Plano de Contingência de Proteção e Defesa Civil (Plancon) e o Plano Municipal de Redução de Risco (PMRR), além de políticas setoriais que contribuem para ações de mitigação e adaptação, principalmente em áreas de precariedade urbana e de riscos. Como base nos resultados obtidos, recomenda-se que o município mitigue as fragilidades apontadas pelo IRCi, com atualização do Plancon e do PMRR. Diadema apresentou pontos positivos a serem continuados e aperfeiçoados, tais como os programas setoriais que contribuem com ações de mitigação, adaptação e melhoria da qualidade de vida das populações, os programas de drenagem urbana, riscos urbanos e ambientais do consorcio ABC. Sugere-se também maior integração e participação da população, principalmente para a elaboração do Plano de Enfrentamento às Mudanças Climática do Município.
The ongoing global climate change has, among its main consequences, the increased frequency of extreme events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods. These events, when they occur, affect social groups unequally, affecting more intensely those who live in a condition of socioenvironmental vulnerability. To face the effects of climate change associated with global warming, cities must improve their resilience, that is, seek to reduce vulnerabilities to develop adaptive capacity. Considering this perspective, the objective of this research was to characterize the level of resilience of the municipality of Diadema (SP) regarding the occurrence of extreme events related to climate change, considering the institutional capacity, socio-environmental vulnerability, and public policies to deal with climate change incidents in the County. To analyze the municipality's resilience to institutional aspects, the Cities Resilience Index (IRCi) was applied, by filling out a form and conducting interviews with technicians from municipal secretariats. To assess the local social and environmental vulnerability, a bibliographic survey of social and environmental indicators for the study area was carried out and a map of social and environmental vulnerability was prepared, with the overlay of data from the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index (IPVS) relating to susceptibility to gravitational mass movements and flooding, with the indication of priority areas for disaster risk management. To identify public policies, actions, and coping strategies planned by the local government for socio-environmental risks linked to climate change, a bibliographic survey was carried out. The IRCi of 0.73 was obtained, that is, about institutional aspects, Diadema is with 73% of the ideal value, which means that the municipality is not resilient in all aspects. However, with knowledge of its weaknesses pointed out by the application of the index, it is possible to seek improvements, especially in the creation and strengthening of the civil defense council, Nudecs, and greater coverage of expenses with disaster risk management projects. The socio-environmental vulnerability of the municipality was presented on maps with the location of the areas along with photo records, pointing out areas that may become priorities for disaster risk management, located in the neighborhoods of Eldorado, Inamar, and Piraporinha. It was possible to assess that Diadema has two main instruments: the Civil Defense and Protection Contingency Plan (Plancon) and the Municipal Risk Reduction Plan (PMRR), in addition to sectoral policies that contribute to mitigation and adaptation actions, mainly in areas of urban precariousness and risks. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that the municipality mitigate the weaknesses identified by the IRCi, updating the Plancon and PMRR. Diadema presented positive points to be continued and improved, such as the sectorial programs that contribute to actions to mitigate, adapt and improve the quality of life of the populations, the urban drainage programs, urban and environmental risks of the ABC consortium. Greater integration and participation of the population is also suggested, mainly for the elaboration of the Plan to Combat Climate Change in the Municipality.
The ongoing global climate change has, among its main consequences, the increased frequency of extreme events, such as heatwaves, droughts, and floods. These events, when they occur, affect social groups unequally, affecting more intensely those who live in a condition of socioenvironmental vulnerability. To face the effects of climate change associated with global warming, cities must improve their resilience, that is, seek to reduce vulnerabilities to develop adaptive capacity. Considering this perspective, the objective of this research was to characterize the level of resilience of the municipality of Diadema (SP) regarding the occurrence of extreme events related to climate change, considering the institutional capacity, socio-environmental vulnerability, and public policies to deal with climate change incidents in the County. To analyze the municipality's resilience to institutional aspects, the Cities Resilience Index (IRCi) was applied, by filling out a form and conducting interviews with technicians from municipal secretariats. To assess the local social and environmental vulnerability, a bibliographic survey of social and environmental indicators for the study area was carried out and a map of social and environmental vulnerability was prepared, with the overlay of data from the São Paulo Social Vulnerability Index (IPVS) relating to susceptibility to gravitational mass movements and flooding, with the indication of priority areas for disaster risk management. To identify public policies, actions, and coping strategies planned by the local government for socio-environmental risks linked to climate change, a bibliographic survey was carried out. The IRCi of 0.73 was obtained, that is, about institutional aspects, Diadema is with 73% of the ideal value, which means that the municipality is not resilient in all aspects. However, with knowledge of its weaknesses pointed out by the application of the index, it is possible to seek improvements, especially in the creation and strengthening of the civil defense council, Nudecs, and greater coverage of expenses with disaster risk management projects. The socio-environmental vulnerability of the municipality was presented on maps with the location of the areas along with photo records, pointing out areas that may become priorities for disaster risk management, located in the neighborhoods of Eldorado, Inamar, and Piraporinha. It was possible to assess that Diadema has two main instruments: the Civil Defense and Protection Contingency Plan (Plancon) and the Municipal Risk Reduction Plan (PMRR), in addition to sectoral policies that contribute to mitigation and adaptation actions, mainly in areas of urban precariousness and risks. Based on the results obtained, it is recommended that the municipality mitigate the weaknesses identified by the IRCi, updating the Plancon and PMRR. Diadema presented positive points to be continued and improved, such as the sectorial programs that contribute to actions to mitigate, adapt and improve the quality of life of the populations, the urban drainage programs, urban and environmental risks of the ABC consortium. Greater integration and participation of the population is also suggested, mainly for the elaboration of the Plan to Combat Climate Change in the Municipality.