Estado da arte da valoração econômica ambiental dos impactos da poluição atmosférica na saúde
Data
2021-09-30
Autores
Janotti, Déborah Tesser [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Miraglia, Simone Georges El Khouri [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A poluição atmosférica é cada vez mais abordada diante dos seus efeitos adversos nos âmbitos social, econômico e ambiental. Seus efeitos impactam de forma negativa na saúde humana, gerando custos abusivos para o tratamento de populações diretamente afetadas pelos altos índices de concentração dos poluentes. Considerando a dificuldade em quantificar ou precificar os recursos ambientais, faz-se necessária a utilização de diferentes ferramentas que, em conjunto, poderão atuar de forma efetiva na valoração dos danos, tornando possível a criação de medidas mitigadoras para a sociedade. Assim, a valoração econômica ambiental é uma ferramenta importante para auxiliar na quantificação dos danos e das perdas econômicas relacionadas aos efeitos adversos provocados pela poluição atmosférica, visando medidas que levem principalmente à promoção da saúde pública. O presente estudo teve por objetivo reunir os estudos relevantes relacionados à poluição atmosférica e gastos no setor de saúde, por meio de uma revisão sistemática. As bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EconPapers foram utilizadas para identificar 661 artigos relevantes para o estudo. 192 artigos de periódicos revisados por pares atenderam aos critérios de elegibilidade e foram utilizados para discussão. Os resultados forneceram embasamento sobre os principais métodos de valoração e abordagens econômicas utilizados, informações sobre os poluentes atmosféricos e a magnitude dos efeitos valorados. Identificou-se diversos métodos de valoração empregados, sendo as análises multi-modelos e a disposição a pagar os mais utilizados, juntamente com a abordagem das funções dose-resposta. Os países que individualmente atuaram majoritariamente como objeto de estudos são China e Estados Unidos. Diversos estudos realizaram avaliações do tipo multi-países, cujas publicações apresentaram um incremento nas publicações a partir de 1985. Os poluentes mais estudados em escala global foram o PM10, PM2,5 e O3, principalmente diante de seus impactos negativos na saúde humana tais como o aumento no número de casos de asma, bronquite e outras doenças respiratórias, citadas recorrentemente nos estudos, cujos valores reportados variaram em US$100-US$600 bilhões.
Atmospheric pollution is a subject that is being increasingly addressed due to its adverse effects in the social, economic and environmental spheres. However, these effects have a negative impact on human health, generating excessive costs for the treatment of populations directly affected by high levels of pollutant concentration. Considering the difficulty in quantifying or pricing environmental resources, it is necessary to use different tools that, together, can act effectively in the valuation of the damage, making it possible to create mitigating measures for society. Thus, environmental economic valuation emerges as an important tool to assist in the quantification of economic damages and losses related to the adverse effects caused by air pollution, aiming at measures that mainly lead to the promotion of public health. This study aimed to bring together relevant studies related to air pollution and expenditures in the health sector, through a systematic review. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EconPapers were used to identify 661 articles relevant to the study. 192 peer-reviewed journal articles met the eligibility criteria and were used for discussion. The results provided a basis for the main valuation methods and economic approaches used, information on air pollutants and the magnitude of the valued effects. Several valuation methods were identified, being the multi-model analyzes and willingness to pay the most used, combined with dose-response functions approach. China and the United States proved to be the most frequent objects of study. Several studies carried out multi-country evaluations, whose publications showed an increase in publications from 1985. The most studied pollutants on a global scale were PM10, PM2.5 and O3, mainly due to their negative impacts on human health, such as the increase in the number of cases of asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, cited repeatedly in studies, whose reported values ranged from US$100-US$600 billion.
Atmospheric pollution is a subject that is being increasingly addressed due to its adverse effects in the social, economic and environmental spheres. However, these effects have a negative impact on human health, generating excessive costs for the treatment of populations directly affected by high levels of pollutant concentration. Considering the difficulty in quantifying or pricing environmental resources, it is necessary to use different tools that, together, can act effectively in the valuation of the damage, making it possible to create mitigating measures for society. Thus, environmental economic valuation emerges as an important tool to assist in the quantification of economic damages and losses related to the adverse effects caused by air pollution, aiming at measures that mainly lead to the promotion of public health. This study aimed to bring together relevant studies related to air pollution and expenditures in the health sector, through a systematic review. The electronic databases PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and EconPapers were used to identify 661 articles relevant to the study. 192 peer-reviewed journal articles met the eligibility criteria and were used for discussion. The results provided a basis for the main valuation methods and economic approaches used, information on air pollutants and the magnitude of the valued effects. Several valuation methods were identified, being the multi-model analyzes and willingness to pay the most used, combined with dose-response functions approach. China and the United States proved to be the most frequent objects of study. Several studies carried out multi-country evaluations, whose publications showed an increase in publications from 1985. The most studied pollutants on a global scale were PM10, PM2.5 and O3, mainly due to their negative impacts on human health, such as the increase in the number of cases of asthma, bronchitis and other respiratory diseases, cited repeatedly in studies, whose reported values ranged from US$100-US$600 billion.