Mudança e permanência no modo de viver, comer e adoecer entre os Khisêdjê: tecendo novas práticas, saberes e significados
Data
2021-08-26
Autores
Mendonça, Sofia Beatriz Machado de
Orientadores
Pereira, Pedro Paulo Gomes [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Nas últimas décadas, o mundo tem assistido a uma epidemia das doenças crônicas não transmissíveis (DCNT). Vários estudos relacionam esse fato ao aumento do consumo de alimentos multiprocessados e ao sedentarismo das sociedades modernas. Quando analisamos o perfil epidemiológico entre os povos indígenas em vários países, a situação é mais grave. Estudos revelam que a presença das DCNT é ainda maior que a encontrada entre não indígenas. Durante os últimos anos, foram realizados estudos de prevalência de síndrome metabólica, obesidade e dislipidemias, revelando alto risco para as doenças cardiovasculares, DM2 e HAS entre os povos indígenas do Xingu. Particularmente entre os Khisêdjê, foram realizados estudos no período de 1999-2000, 2010-2011, identificando um aumento significativo desse risco ao longo de 10 anos. Neste projeto, nos propomos a aprofundar o estudo sobre as mudanças no modo de viver, trabalhar e comer entre os Khisêdjê, e procurar entender como eles percebem e vivenciam estas mudanças e o aparecimento das novas doenças. A abordagem é majoritariamente qualitativa e constituem estratégias de pesquisa: a observação participante, diários de campo, entrevistas semiestruturadas e abertas junto aos Khisêdjê. O período de observação e análise foi de 2010 a 2019, embora tenha retomado relatórios e vivências de campo anteriores entre eles, desde a década de 80. Toda a investigação teve como referência a pesquisa participante (WALLERSTEIN, 2018) com a construção coletiva do conhecimento e práticas, socializando e trocando saberes. Em relação aos desdobramentos dessa investigação, é possível pensar em duas vertentes. Uma delas tem a ver com a experiência da atenção diferenciada, no contexto da saúde indígena, do SASISUS, e a produção de conhecimento e prática no campo da saúde coletiva. Os resultados desse trabalho podem auxiliar no conhecimento dos determinantes socioculturais relacionados às doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, dar pistas para a confecção de políticas públicas mais adequadas que considerem a especificidade dos povos indígenas.
A outra vertente está relacionada com o envolvimento e implicação dos sujeitos na produção da saúde, na prevenção e na possibilidade de modificar o rumo destas novas doenças.
Over the last decades, the world has witnessed an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Several studies relate this fact to the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed products and to the sedentarism of modern societies. When the epidemiological profile of indigenous peoples in many countries is analyzed, the situation is more serious. Studies show that the occurrence of NCDs is even more frequent than the occurrence detected among non-indigenous peoples. Over the last years, studies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity and dyslipidemia have been conducted and high risks for cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Arterial Hypertension among the indigenous peoples in the Xingu Indigenous Park have been identified. Studies concerning particularly the Khisêdjê from 1999 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2011 indicated a significant increasing risk over ten years. This project has the purpose of examining in more detail the changes in the way of living, working and eating among the Khisêdjê and it seeks to understand how they notice and undergo these changes and the incidence of new diseases. The analysis is primarily qualitative and the research methods are: participant observation, field journals, semi-structured and unstructured interviews with the Khisêdjê. The observation and analysis period was from 2010 to 2019, even though reports and field experience dated back to the 1980s have also been taken into account. The whole investigation used participatory research as source of reference, with collective knowledge and practices construction, socializing and exchanging expertise. In regard to the developments of this investigation, it is possible to consider two strands. One of them is related to the experience of the differentiated health care in the context of the indigenous peoples’ health, the SASISUS (acronym in Portuguese for Subsystem of Indigenous People’s Health Care), and the knowledge construction and practice in the field of collective health care. The findings of this study might assist with the knowledge of sociocultural determinants related to noncommunicable diseases, suggest ideas to formulate more effective public policies that take into consideration the specificity of indigenous peoples. The other strand is connected with the involvement of persons promoting health, disease prevention and the possibility of altering the way these new diseases might develop among the Khisêdjê.
Over the last decades, the world has witnessed an epidemic of noncommunicable diseases (NCDs). Several studies relate this fact to the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed products and to the sedentarism of modern societies. When the epidemiological profile of indigenous peoples in many countries is analyzed, the situation is more serious. Studies show that the occurrence of NCDs is even more frequent than the occurrence detected among non-indigenous peoples. Over the last years, studies on the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, obesity and dyslipidemia have been conducted and high risks for cardiovascular diseases, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Systemic Arterial Hypertension among the indigenous peoples in the Xingu Indigenous Park have been identified. Studies concerning particularly the Khisêdjê from 1999 to 2000 and from 2010 to 2011 indicated a significant increasing risk over ten years. This project has the purpose of examining in more detail the changes in the way of living, working and eating among the Khisêdjê and it seeks to understand how they notice and undergo these changes and the incidence of new diseases. The analysis is primarily qualitative and the research methods are: participant observation, field journals, semi-structured and unstructured interviews with the Khisêdjê. The observation and analysis period was from 2010 to 2019, even though reports and field experience dated back to the 1980s have also been taken into account. The whole investigation used participatory research as source of reference, with collective knowledge and practices construction, socializing and exchanging expertise. In regard to the developments of this investigation, it is possible to consider two strands. One of them is related to the experience of the differentiated health care in the context of the indigenous peoples’ health, the SASISUS (acronym in Portuguese for Subsystem of Indigenous People’s Health Care), and the knowledge construction and practice in the field of collective health care. The findings of this study might assist with the knowledge of sociocultural determinants related to noncommunicable diseases, suggest ideas to formulate more effective public policies that take into consideration the specificity of indigenous peoples. The other strand is connected with the involvement of persons promoting health, disease prevention and the possibility of altering the way these new diseases might develop among the Khisêdjê.
Descrição
Citação
MENDONÇA, S. B. M. Mudança e Permanência no modo de viver, comer e adoecer entre os Khisêdjê: tecendo novas práticas, saberes e significados. São Paulo, 2021. 265 p. Tese (Doutorado em Saúde Coletiva) - Escola Paulista de Medicina (EPM), Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP). São Paulo, 2021