Análise da influência de diferentes composições de petróleos na obtenção da curva PEV utilizando o software Aspen Plus®
Data
2021-08-05
Autores
Pereira, Thaise Silva 
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O petróleo é um óleo mineral natural que contém hidrocarbonetos, derivados orgânicos oxigenados, sulfurados e nitrogenados, apresentando uma composição característica para cada região de exploração (onshore e offshore). Pode ser classificado pelo seu grau API em petróleo extraleve, leve, mediano, pesado e extrapesado, dependendo da complexidade de sua composição. Os petróleos leves possuem componentes com menores densidades e pontos de ebulição, enquanto que os pesados são mais complexos, apresentando cadeias carbônicas de elevada massa molar, o que aumenta sua viscosidade e dificulta os processos de separação, implicando em um menor valor de mercado. O refino do petróleo cru é necessário para o fracionamento do petróleo em seus derivados mais rentáveis, como gás liquefeito de petróleo (GLP), diesel e gasolina. A torre de destilação possibilita essa separação de acordo com as faixas de ebulição dos componentes dessas frações. Assim, as análises de densidade, grau API, viscosidade e curva de Ponto de Ebulição Verdadeiro (PEV) irão determinar a valorização de mercado desse petróleo, dado que essas análises permitem estimar a produção de derivados. A curva PEV apresenta o rendimento mássico ou volumétrico do petróleo diante de uma faixa de temperatura de ebulição. Com o auxílio da curva PEV é possível prever a qualidade do petróleo cru, otimizar e projetar unidades de produção. A partir da simulação no software Aspen Plus®, foi possível obter as curvas PEV para diferentes blendas (misturas de petróleos), que permitiu verificar de forma qualitativa a composição da mistura e estimar a produção de seus derivados.
Petroleum is a natural mineral oil that contains hydrocarbons, oxygenated, sulphured, nitrogenous and hydrocarbon organic derivatives, with a characteristic composition to each exploration region (onshore and offshore). It can be classified in light, medium, heavy and extra heavy oil through ºAPI, depending on the composition’s complexity. Light oils have components with lower densities and lower boiling points, while heavier oils are more complex, showing carbon chains of high molar mass, which increases its viscosity and hinders the separation processes, implying a lower market value. The refining of crude oil is necessary for the fractionation of oil into its most profitable derivatives, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel oil and gasoline. The distillation tower makes this separation possible according to the boiling ranges of the components of these fractions. Thereby, the analysis of density, API degree and viscosity will determine the petroleum’s market value, given that they allow us to estimate the derivative’s production. The True Boiling Point Curve (TBP) is an example of analysis that allow us to determine the mass or volumetric yield of oil over a boiling temperature range. With the help of TBP it’s possible to predict the oil’s quality, optimize and design production units. From the simulation on the Aspen Plus® software, it was possible to obtain the TBP for different blends (oil mixtures), which allowed to qualitatively verify the composition of the mixture and estimate the production of its derivatives.
Petroleum is a natural mineral oil that contains hydrocarbons, oxygenated, sulphured, nitrogenous and hydrocarbon organic derivatives, with a characteristic composition to each exploration region (onshore and offshore). It can be classified in light, medium, heavy and extra heavy oil through ºAPI, depending on the composition’s complexity. Light oils have components with lower densities and lower boiling points, while heavier oils are more complex, showing carbon chains of high molar mass, which increases its viscosity and hinders the separation processes, implying a lower market value. The refining of crude oil is necessary for the fractionation of oil into its most profitable derivatives, such as liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), diesel oil and gasoline. The distillation tower makes this separation possible according to the boiling ranges of the components of these fractions. Thereby, the analysis of density, API degree and viscosity will determine the petroleum’s market value, given that they allow us to estimate the derivative’s production. The True Boiling Point Curve (TBP) is an example of analysis that allow us to determine the mass or volumetric yield of oil over a boiling temperature range. With the help of TBP it’s possible to predict the oil’s quality, optimize and design production units. From the simulation on the Aspen Plus® software, it was possible to obtain the TBP for different blends (oil mixtures), which allowed to qualitatively verify the composition of the mixture and estimate the production of its derivatives.