Parâmetros do cuidado parental em baratas Eublaberus distanti (Insecta: Blattaria)
Data
2021-08-06
Autores
Quagliano, Juliana Abud 
Orientadores
Casarin, Fabiana Elaine
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Na ordem Blattaria, o espectro social é amplo, sendo conhecidos desde baratas
eussociais, passando por várias categorias de subsociais até as solitárias. E este tem relação
direta com o gradiente de maturidade das ninfas, sendo estas consideradas altriciais, quando
totalmente dependentes dos adultos até as ninfas independentes, ditas precociais. Para tanto,
dados comportamentais além de características morfológicas e morfométricas são importantes
para inferir o grau de independência das ninfas. As baratas Eublaberus distanti, objeto deste
estudo, foi descrita como gregária, por ser encontrada em ambiente natural com presença de
adultos e ninfas. Contudo não é conhecido se há cuidado parental na espécie. Assim, este
trabalho investigou se as ninfas são altriciais ou precociais, de acordo com parâmetros
morfométricos, morfológicos e comportamentais. E se este cuidado é uniparental ou biparental.
Assim, após a indução da prole (ninfas de 1º instar) foram realizados 4 bioensaios
comportamentais sendo: casal + ninfas; somente ninfas; macho + ninfas e fêmea + ninfas,
analisados por meio de etograma. Para análise morfométrica, 65 baratas foram mensuradas e os
instares foram separados pela Análise de Componentes Principais (PCA), que resultou na
divisão de 4 ínstares ninfais mais o adulto. Assim, dados morfométricos da razão do primeiro
instar e de adultos mais dados da formação de olhos e esclerotização da cutícula e dados
comportamentais apontam que as ninfas de E. distanti são intermediárias entre altriciais e
precociais. Isto porque, embora tenha sido observado que ninfas do 1º instar se alimentam
sozinhas, não há uma completa esclerotização da cutícula e da formação dos olhos neste
primeiro instar ninfal. Adicionalmente, os resultados do bioensaio comportamental foram
significativos para as categorias proteção (brooding), quando as ninfas ficam embaixo dos
adultos e isso ocorreu com maior frequência no tratamento casal + ninfas. O que reforça a
suspeita que há um comportamento de proteção, e que este cuidado parental foi mais frequente
no tratamento do casal + ninfas, demonstrando que o cuidado é biparental. Assim, embora
novos estudos estejam sendo feitos, já é possível afirmar que há um cuidado de proteção na
espécie E. distanti e que essas ninfas estão mais próximas da categoria altricial que precocial.
Assim, os dados do presente trabalho devem ser complementados no futuro com mais
informações ecológicas e dados morfológicos para construir uma abordagem integrativa sobre
a evolução social das baratas
In the order Blattaria, the social spectrum is wide, being known from eusocial cockroaches, passing through categories of subsocial to solitary ones. Moreover, this is directly related to the nymphs maturity gradient, which are considered altricial, when very dependent on adults, up to independent nymphs, so-called precocial. Therefore, behavioral data in addition to morphological and morphometric characteristics are important to infer the degree of independence of the nymphs. The cockroach Eublaberus distanti, object of this study, described as gregarious once found in a natural environment with the presence of adults and nymphs. However, it is not known whether there is parental care in the species. Thus, this work investigated whether nymphs are altricial or precocial, according to morphometric, morphological and behavioral parameters. And if this care is uniparental or biparental. Thus, after induction of the offspring (1st instar nymphs) four behavioral bioassays were performed: couple + nymphs; only nymphs; male + nymphs and female + nymphs, analyzed using ethogram. For morphometric analysis, 65 cockroaches were measured and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which resulted in the division of four nymphal instars plus the adult, separated the instars. Thus, morphometric data of the ratio of the first instar and adults plus data on eye formation and cuticle sclerotization and behavioral data indicate that E. distanti nymphs are intermediate between altricial and precocial. This is because, although it has been observed that 1st instar nymphs feed on their own, there is no complete sclerotization of the cuticle and eye formation in this first instar nymph. Additionally, the results of the behavioral bioassay were significant for the protection categories (brooding), when the nymphs hide below the adults, and this occurred more frequently in the couple + nymphs treatment. This reinforces the suspicion that there is a protective behavior, and that this parental care was more frequent in the treatment of couples + nymphs, demonstrating that care is biparental. Thus, although new studies are being carried out, it is already possible to affirm that there is a protective care in the species E. distanti and that these nymphs are closer to the altricial category than to the precocious one. Thus, the data from the present work should be complemented in the future with more ecological information and morphological data to build an integrative approach on the social evolution of cockroaches.
In the order Blattaria, the social spectrum is wide, being known from eusocial cockroaches, passing through categories of subsocial to solitary ones. Moreover, this is directly related to the nymphs maturity gradient, which are considered altricial, when very dependent on adults, up to independent nymphs, so-called precocial. Therefore, behavioral data in addition to morphological and morphometric characteristics are important to infer the degree of independence of the nymphs. The cockroach Eublaberus distanti, object of this study, described as gregarious once found in a natural environment with the presence of adults and nymphs. However, it is not known whether there is parental care in the species. Thus, this work investigated whether nymphs are altricial or precocial, according to morphometric, morphological and behavioral parameters. And if this care is uniparental or biparental. Thus, after induction of the offspring (1st instar nymphs) four behavioral bioassays were performed: couple + nymphs; only nymphs; male + nymphs and female + nymphs, analyzed using ethogram. For morphometric analysis, 65 cockroaches were measured and Principal Component Analysis (PCA), which resulted in the division of four nymphal instars plus the adult, separated the instars. Thus, morphometric data of the ratio of the first instar and adults plus data on eye formation and cuticle sclerotization and behavioral data indicate that E. distanti nymphs are intermediate between altricial and precocial. This is because, although it has been observed that 1st instar nymphs feed on their own, there is no complete sclerotization of the cuticle and eye formation in this first instar nymph. Additionally, the results of the behavioral bioassay were significant for the protection categories (brooding), when the nymphs hide below the adults, and this occurred more frequently in the couple + nymphs treatment. This reinforces the suspicion that there is a protective behavior, and that this parental care was more frequent in the treatment of couples + nymphs, demonstrating that care is biparental. Thus, although new studies are being carried out, it is already possible to affirm that there is a protective care in the species E. distanti and that these nymphs are closer to the altricial category than to the precocious one. Thus, the data from the present work should be complemented in the future with more ecological information and morphological data to build an integrative approach on the social evolution of cockroaches.
Descrição
Citação
QUAGLIANO, J. A. Parâmetros do cuidado parental em baratas Eublaberus distanti (Insecta: Blattaria). 2021. 53 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2021.