Efeito da temperatura na aptidão de insetos da subfamília Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae)
Data
2021-07-29
Autores
Perea, Isabela de Cola 
Orientadores
Rossi, Marcelo Nogueira
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A temperatura é uma das variáveis ambientais mais importantes como causadoras de variações em caracteres de história de vida em ectotérmicos, com implicações relevantes para a predição de taxas de extinção de populações e de espécies ao redor do planeta. Insetos da subfamília Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) estão presentes em quase todos os continentes, se alimentam exclusivamente de sementes durante o estágio larval e ocorrem em ambientes com temperaturas médias anuais bem distintas. No presente estudo, foi investigado como os caracteres de história de vida: fecundidade, tamanho corporal e taxa de desenvolvimento dos bruquíneos respondem em relação a temperatura. Além disso, foram investigadas as seguintes hipóteses: 1) relações inversamente relacionadas entre a aptidão dos bruquíneos (fecundidade, tamanho corporal e taxa de desenvolvimento) e a variação da temperatura são esperadas, uma vez que indivíduos provenientes de baixas latitudes, de regiões tropicais, experimentam temperaturas médias próximas às temperaturas nas quais a aptidão é maximizada, ocorrendo o oposto para espécies de clima temperado (alta latitude); 2) o aumento da taxa de desenvolvimento em função da temperatura será maior nos machos, resultando em maiores variações no tamanho corporal em relação às fêmeas. Informações relativas à fecundidade, tamanho corporal e taxa de desenvolvimento foram coletadas dos principais bancos de dados disponíveis para a realização de revisões bibliográficas (Web of Science, Scopus e Scielo.org), empregando-se palavras-chave e combinações de palavras-chave que possibilitaram encontrar os artigos científicos de interesse. Foram realizadas análises de regressão entre a fecundidade, o tamanho corporal e a taxa de desenvolvimento e as temperaturas empregadas no laboratório, bem como entre estes caracteres de história de vida e as diferenças de temperatura entre os locais de coleta (campo) e o laboratório. Paras a temperaturas de laboratório, constatou-se que a fecundidade foi maior na temperatura de 28°C, decrescendo nas temperaturas extremas; já o tamanho corporal diminuiu e a taxa de desenvolvimento aumentou com a temperatura, ambos com respostas lineares. Os caracteres fecundidade e tamanho corporal foram inversamente relacionados com a diferença de temperatura, bem como o dimorfismo sexual de tamanho, sugerindo que maiores variações na aptidão dos bruquíneos ocorrerem nos indivíduos provenientes de regiões de baixas latitudes, embora este padrão não tenha sido observado para a taxa de desenvolvimento.
Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables causing variations in life history traits in ectotherms, with relevant implications for predicting the extinction rates of populations and species around the planet. Insects of the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are present in almost all continents, feed exclusively on seeds during the larval stage and occur in environments with very different average annual temperatures. In this study, it was investigated how the life history traits fecundity, body size and developmental rate of bruchines are related to temperature. In addition, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) inverse relationships between bruchines’ fitness (fecundity, body size and developmental rate) and temperature variation are expected because individuals from low latitudes (tropical regions) usually experience mean temperatures near their optimal, occurring the opposite for species from temperate regions (high latitudes); 2) higher developmental rates as a function of temperature are expected to occur on males than on females, resulting in greater male variation in body size. All information about fecundity, body size and developmental rate were obtained from the main data set used for literature reviews (Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo.org), using specific keywords as well as keyword combinations. Regression analyses were carried out between fecundity, body size and developmental rate and the temperatures used in the laboratory. Regression analyses were also computed between these life history traits and the differences in temperature between the collection sites (field) and the laboratory. For the temperatures taken in the laboratory, it was observed that the fecundity was higher around 28°C, and decreased in the extreme cases; however, the body size and the developmental rate decreased and increased, respectively, with temperature, both presenting linear patterns. Finally, fecundity and body size were inversely related with the difference in temperature as well as the sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that greater variations in fitness was observed on those individuals from low latitudinal regions, even though this pattern was not observed for the developmental rate.
Temperature is one of the most important environmental variables causing variations in life history traits in ectotherms, with relevant implications for predicting the extinction rates of populations and species around the planet. Insects of the subfamily Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) are present in almost all continents, feed exclusively on seeds during the larval stage and occur in environments with very different average annual temperatures. In this study, it was investigated how the life history traits fecundity, body size and developmental rate of bruchines are related to temperature. In addition, the following hypotheses were tested: 1) inverse relationships between bruchines’ fitness (fecundity, body size and developmental rate) and temperature variation are expected because individuals from low latitudes (tropical regions) usually experience mean temperatures near their optimal, occurring the opposite for species from temperate regions (high latitudes); 2) higher developmental rates as a function of temperature are expected to occur on males than on females, resulting in greater male variation in body size. All information about fecundity, body size and developmental rate were obtained from the main data set used for literature reviews (Web of Science, Scopus and Scielo.org), using specific keywords as well as keyword combinations. Regression analyses were carried out between fecundity, body size and developmental rate and the temperatures used in the laboratory. Regression analyses were also computed between these life history traits and the differences in temperature between the collection sites (field) and the laboratory. For the temperatures taken in the laboratory, it was observed that the fecundity was higher around 28°C, and decreased in the extreme cases; however, the body size and the developmental rate decreased and increased, respectively, with temperature, both presenting linear patterns. Finally, fecundity and body size were inversely related with the difference in temperature as well as the sexual size dimorphism, suggesting that greater variations in fitness was observed on those individuals from low latitudinal regions, even though this pattern was not observed for the developmental rate.
Descrição
Citação
PEREA, I. C. Efeito da temperatura na aptidão de insetos da subfamília Bruchinae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). 42 f. 2021. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Ciências Biológicas) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2021.