Cobertura de saneamento básico no Brasil e impactos sobre a saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica
Data
2021-02-23
Autores
Veiga, Bruna Fernanda 
Orientadores
Costa, Rosangela Calado da
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Neste estudo, foi realizada uma análise crítica da relação da saúde com a ausência do saneamento básico no Brasil, por meio de levantamento bibliográfico de publicações entre 2007 e 2020. A pesquisa resultou na seleção de 34 artigos, em que o enfoque era a relação da saúde com o saneamento e perspectivas sobre o modelo de saneamento atual e as dificuldades para sua expansão. A análise de conteúdo das publicações demonstrou que no período selecionado não houve grandes mudanças das condições de saúde e universalização do saneamento, apesar da Lei Federal nº 11.445 de 2007 (Lei do Saneamento Básico) ter trazido uma expectativa de avanço e investimentos na área. A desigualdade foi um fator determinante, entre os estudos, para o não acesso ao saneamento, sendo que as populações negra e indígena são as mais afetadas pela falta de saneamento dentro da população vulnerável. Os principais indicadores do impacto da falta de saneamento básico na saúde pública foram as doenças relacionadas ao saneamento ambiental inadequado (DRSAI), sendo a principal a diarreia seguida das doenças feco-orais, bacterianas ou não, doenças transmitidas por insetos, helmintos hídricos e do solo, e teníases. Conclui-se que os artigos apresentaram informações relevantes para a avaliação da saúde em relação à ausência de saneamento básico e que ainda há necessidade de mais estudos que colaborem para a melhoria do saneamento e, consequentemente, da saúde dentro das necessidades atuais da população.
In this essay, a critical analysis of the relation between health and the lack of basic sanitation in Brazil was carried out through a bibliographic survey of publications between 2007 and 2020. The research resulted in the selection of 34 articles, in which the focus was the relation between health and sanitation and perspectives on the current sanitation model and the difficulties for its expansion. The articles’ evaluations showed that between the selected period there were no major changes in health conditions and universal sanitation, despite the Federal Law No. 11445/2007 (Basic Sanitation Law) having brought an expectation of progress and investments in the area. Inequality was a decisive factor among the studies, for non-access to sanitation, with the black and indigenous population being the most affected by the lack of sanitation within the vulnerable population. The main indicators of the impact of the lack of basic sanitation on public health were diseases related to inefficient sanitation (WASH related diseases), the main one being diarrhea followed by bacterial or non-oral fecal diseases, diseases transmitted by insects, water and soil helminthes and teniasis. It is concluded that the articles presented relevant information for the assessment of the relation between health and the lack of basic sanitation and that there is still a necessity for more studies that collaborate to improve sanitation and, consequently, health within the current needs of the population.
In this essay, a critical analysis of the relation between health and the lack of basic sanitation in Brazil was carried out through a bibliographic survey of publications between 2007 and 2020. The research resulted in the selection of 34 articles, in which the focus was the relation between health and sanitation and perspectives on the current sanitation model and the difficulties for its expansion. The articles’ evaluations showed that between the selected period there were no major changes in health conditions and universal sanitation, despite the Federal Law No. 11445/2007 (Basic Sanitation Law) having brought an expectation of progress and investments in the area. Inequality was a decisive factor among the studies, for non-access to sanitation, with the black and indigenous population being the most affected by the lack of sanitation within the vulnerable population. The main indicators of the impact of the lack of basic sanitation on public health were diseases related to inefficient sanitation (WASH related diseases), the main one being diarrhea followed by bacterial or non-oral fecal diseases, diseases transmitted by insects, water and soil helminthes and teniasis. It is concluded that the articles presented relevant information for the assessment of the relation between health and the lack of basic sanitation and that there is still a necessity for more studies that collaborate to improve sanitation and, consequently, health within the current needs of the population.
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Citação
VEIGA, Bruna Fernanda. Cobertura de saneamento básico no Brasil e impactos sobre a saúde: uma revisão bibliográfica. 42 f. 2021. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Ciências Ambientais) - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2021.