Estudo de diferentes configurações de trocadores de calor paraa produção de enxofre e ácido sulfúrico
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Data
2021-02-24
Autores
Yamamoto, Fernando Yukio [UNIFESP]
Almeida, Victor Augusto [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Falleiro, Rafael Mauricio Matricarde [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Resumo
A transferência de calor pode ser entendida como a energia térmica em trânsito devido a uma diferença de temperaturas no espaço. De forma resumida existem três tipos: condução, convecção e radiação. Este princípio é utilizado em diversos processos químicos que necessitam controlar a temperatura dos componentes. Para promover a troca de calor, utiliza-se equipamentos denominados trocadores de calor, os quais, trocam calor entre dois fluídos. Tais equipamentos são fundamentais em diversos processos industriais e, neste trabalho, avaliou-se o trocador de calor casco e tubo em contracorrente envolvido no processo de
produção de ácido sulfúrico a partir de enxofre. O controle de temperatura é fundamental para garantir a qualidade e o rendimento da operação e do produto, o qual é utilizado principalmente na fabricação de fertilizantes e de borracha. Este estudo analisou diferentes configurações do trocador de calor casco e tubo, a fim de obter aquela que melhor atende as condições adotadas no processo e apresenta dimensões cabíveis para uma indústria. Para atingir este objetivo, foi
utilizado o software Aspen Plus® para a simulação do processo, por meio da variação de diferentes parâmetros de sua configuração e de seu dimensionamento, de modo a diminuir os custos e encontrar soluções para a parte logística da indústria. Analisando as diferentes configurações possíveis para atingir as condições especificadas em um estudo de caso, obteve-se um trocador de calor com a localização do fluido quente passando pelos tubos; número de tubos igual a 400 e comprimento de 10,47 m de equipamento, em que não havia problemas de
operação. Dessa forma, compreender a influência que cada parâmetro do trocador de calor exerce no custo e nas dimensões do equipamento.
Heat transfer can be understood as thermal energy in transit due to a difference in temperatures in space. In summary there are three types: conduction, convection and radiation. This principle is used in several chemical processes that need to control the temperature of the components. To promote heat exchange, equipment called heat exchangers is used, which exchange heat between two fluids. Such equipment is fundamental in several industrial processes and, in this article, the shell and tube countercurrent heat exchanger involved in the sulfuric acid production process from sulfur was evaluated. Temperature control is essential to guarantee the quality and performance of the operation and the product, which is used mainly in the manufacture of fertilizers and rubber. This study analyzed different configurations of the shell and tube heat exchanger, to obtain the one which fits best according with the conditions adopted in the process and presents dimensions that are suitable for an industry. To achieve this objective, the Aspen Plus® software was used to simulate the process, by varying the different parameters of its configuration and dimensioning, to reduce costs and find solutions for the logistics part of the industry. Analyzing the different possible configurations to achieve the conditions specified in a case study, a heat exchanger was obtained with the location of the hot fluid passing through the tubes; number of tubes equal to 400 and 10.47 m of equipment length, in which there were no operational problems. Thus, understand the influence that each parameter of the heat exchanger has on the cost and dimensions of the equipment.
Heat transfer can be understood as thermal energy in transit due to a difference in temperatures in space. In summary there are three types: conduction, convection and radiation. This principle is used in several chemical processes that need to control the temperature of the components. To promote heat exchange, equipment called heat exchangers is used, which exchange heat between two fluids. Such equipment is fundamental in several industrial processes and, in this article, the shell and tube countercurrent heat exchanger involved in the sulfuric acid production process from sulfur was evaluated. Temperature control is essential to guarantee the quality and performance of the operation and the product, which is used mainly in the manufacture of fertilizers and rubber. This study analyzed different configurations of the shell and tube heat exchanger, to obtain the one which fits best according with the conditions adopted in the process and presents dimensions that are suitable for an industry. To achieve this objective, the Aspen Plus® software was used to simulate the process, by varying the different parameters of its configuration and dimensioning, to reduce costs and find solutions for the logistics part of the industry. Analyzing the different possible configurations to achieve the conditions specified in a case study, a heat exchanger was obtained with the location of the hot fluid passing through the tubes; number of tubes equal to 400 and 10.47 m of equipment length, in which there were no operational problems. Thus, understand the influence that each parameter of the heat exchanger has on the cost and dimensions of the equipment.