Percepções e vivências de cuidado em saúde de mulheres haitianas residentes em São Paulo
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Data
2020-03-27
Autores
Azevedo, Marcela Cristina Andrade de
Orientadores
Silveira, Cássio
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
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Objetivo: identificar quais as percepções e vivências de cuidado em saúde de
mulheres haitianas residentes em São Paulo, através do conhecimento das suas
experiências de cuidado em saúde, das formas de aproximação com os serviços de
saúde brasileiros e dos papéis atribuídos às mulheres haitianas nesse contexto.
Métodos: Realizou-se uma pesquisa qualitativa, estruturada a partir da aproximação
ao método etnográfico, na qual foram acompanhadas quatro mulheres haitianas com
idade entre 34 e 56 anos, residentes em São Paulo há, pelo menos, um ano. Os
dados foram coletados através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, observação e diário
de campo, além do recurso terapêutico ocupacional de oficinas produtivas como
espaço de construção coletiva e de observação participante. Resultados: As
percepções e vivências em saúde dessas mulheres foram apresentadas em quatro
categorias, a saber: a vivência do processo migratório; a estrutura o acesso à rede
de cuidado em saúde no Haiti e no Brasil; as condições de trabalho e de não
trabalho; o processo discriminatório marcado pelo aspecto racial e étnico.
Conclusões: o processo migratório apresenta desafios específicos para as
mulheres, desde o momento em que decidem migrar até a adaptação ao país
receptor, elas são exigidas a superar barreiras históricas como a submissão, o lugar
de coadjuvante e de dependente do sexo masculino para garantir o próprio sustento
e de seus filhos. A violência e os riscos durante a viagem, a seletividade ocupacional
a partir de divisão sexual do trabalho e da reestruturação produtiva, os atos
discriminatórios amparados nas ideologias de racismo e xenofobia são questões que
influenciam no bem estar e nas condições de saúde dessa população. Quanto ao
acesso aos serviços de saúde, observou-se que as mulheres participantes da
pesquisa valorizam bastante os equipamentos do SUS e buscam se integrar aos
serviços, apesar das dificuldades enfrentadas para isso. Tal postura não significa,
entretanto, ruptura com as práticas tradicionais e culturais de cuidado em saúde do
Haiti. Os resultados da pesquisa evidenciam que é possível e necessário construir
uma atenção intercultural em saúde, desde que essa experiência seja galgada na
valorização dos saberes de todos os atores envolvidos, que tenha um olhar
ampliado para além das práticas biomédicas e que seja norteada pela concepção do
relativismo cultural.
Objective: to identify the perceptions and experiences of health care of Haitian women living in São Paulo, through the knowledge of their health care experiences, ways of approaching Brazilian health services and the roles attributed to Haitian women in this context. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out, structured based on the approach to the ethnographic method, in which four Haitian women aged between 34 and 56 years, living in São Paulo for at least one year, were followed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation and a field diary, in addition to the occupational therapeutic resource of productive workshops as a space for collective construction and participant observation. Results: The health perceptions and experiences of these women were presented in four categories, namely: the experience of the migratory process; the structure of access to the health care network in Haiti and Brazil; working and non-working conditions; the discriminatory process marked by the racial and ethnic aspect. Conclusions: the migration process presents specific challenges for women, from the moment they decide to migrate until adapting to the receiving country, they are required to overcome historical barriers such as submission, the place of adjuvant and male dependent to guarantee the support themselves and their children. Violence and risks during the trip, occupational selectivity based on the sexual division of labor and productive restructuring, discriminatory acts supported by the ideologies of racism and xenophobia are issues that influence the well-being and health conditions of this population. As for access to health services, it was observed that the women participating in the research highly value the SUS equipment and seek to integrate with the services, despite the difficulties faced to do so. Such a stance does not, however, mean a break with traditional and cultural health care practices in Haiti. The results of the research show that it is possible and necessary to build intercultural health care, provided that this experience is enhanced in the valorization of the knowledge of all the actors involved, that it has a broader look beyond the biomedical practices and that it is guided by the conception of the cultural relativism.
Objective: to identify the perceptions and experiences of health care of Haitian women living in São Paulo, through the knowledge of their health care experiences, ways of approaching Brazilian health services and the roles attributed to Haitian women in this context. Methods: A qualitative research was carried out, structured based on the approach to the ethnographic method, in which four Haitian women aged between 34 and 56 years, living in São Paulo for at least one year, were followed. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews, observation and a field diary, in addition to the occupational therapeutic resource of productive workshops as a space for collective construction and participant observation. Results: The health perceptions and experiences of these women were presented in four categories, namely: the experience of the migratory process; the structure of access to the health care network in Haiti and Brazil; working and non-working conditions; the discriminatory process marked by the racial and ethnic aspect. Conclusions: the migration process presents specific challenges for women, from the moment they decide to migrate until adapting to the receiving country, they are required to overcome historical barriers such as submission, the place of adjuvant and male dependent to guarantee the support themselves and their children. Violence and risks during the trip, occupational selectivity based on the sexual division of labor and productive restructuring, discriminatory acts supported by the ideologies of racism and xenophobia are issues that influence the well-being and health conditions of this population. As for access to health services, it was observed that the women participating in the research highly value the SUS equipment and seek to integrate with the services, despite the difficulties faced to do so. Such a stance does not, however, mean a break with traditional and cultural health care practices in Haiti. The results of the research show that it is possible and necessary to build intercultural health care, provided that this experience is enhanced in the valorization of the knowledge of all the actors involved, that it has a broader look beyond the biomedical practices and that it is guided by the conception of the cultural relativism.
Descrição
Citação
AZEVEDO, Marcela Cristina Andrade de. Percepções e vivências de cuidado em saúde de mulheres haitianas residentes em São Paulo. São Paulo, 2020. 80 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Saúde Coletiva) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, 2020.