Violência sexual: por que não revelar?
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Arquivos
Data
2020-06-30
Autores
Silva, Flávia Calanca da [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Tese de doutorado
Título da Revista
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Resumo
Objetivo: investigar a prevalência de adolescentes e adultos jovens que foram vítimas de violência sexual em algum momento da vida e comparar a presença de sintomas depressivos e/ou ansiosos; qualidade de vida, uso de álcool, tabaco e drogas ilícitas entre esta população e a que não sofreu abuso. Partindo dos adolescentes e adultos jovens que foram vítimas de abuso em algum momento de suas vidas, buscou-se entender o que os motivou a não revelar a violência sofrida. Métodos: Aplicaram-se questionários e instrumentos validados, em população de estudantes universitários,
para avaliar: idade, sexo, nível socioeconômico, comportamento sexual, exposição a
eventos traumatizantes (QUESI – presença ou não de violência sexual), sintomas
depressivos (BDI) e/ou ansiosos (BAI), qualidade de vida (WHOQOL) e o uso ou
abuso de tabaco, álcool e drogas ilícitas (ASSIST). Entrevistas foram conduzidas
pelos pesquisadores com 22 indivíduos que foram vítimas de violência sexual (de
acordo com o instrumento QUESI) para a obtenção da História Oral sobre o abuso
experimentado. Resultados: Dos 858 alunos que responderam à pesquisa, 71 (8,3%)
foram vítimas de violência sexual, sendo 52 meninas (73,2%). No grupo vítima de
abuso havia mais alunos desfavorecidos economicamente, mais alunos que já tinham
tido a coitarca (p=0,029), alunas que já engravidaram (p=0,001), estudantes com
maiores escores para sintomas depressivos (p <0.001) e ansiosos (p=0.001), alunos
com pior qualidade de vida (p<0.001) e que usavam de maneira abusiva tabaco
(p=0.008), maconha (p=0.025) e hipnóticos/sedativos (p=0.048) quando comparado
ao grupo não vítima. Vinte e nove episódios de violência foram vividos pelos 22
participantes das entrevistas. Três (10,3%) situações de abuso foram perpetradas por
desconhecidos sendo excluídas da análise qualitativa. Das 26 situações de abuso
perpetradas por conhecidos das vítimas, quatro (15,4%) nunca foram reveladas; cinco
(19,2%), a revelação ocorreu quando o abuso já tinha cessado; oito (30,8%) foram
reveladas e/ou detectadas e o abuso cessou; e em nove (34,6%) episódios, apesar
da revelação ou detecção, a vítima continuou sendo molestada pelo agressor e nada
foi feito. Conclusões: os impactos causados pelo abuso são diversos e afetam,
mesmo a longo prazo, a vida dos sobreviventes. As vítimas revelam a violência
sofrida, mas não basta a vítima falar, o adulto que recebe a revelação tem que estar
apto a ouvir; não basta o adulto ver o abuso, ele precisa querer enxergar. Urge
sensibilizar e educar a sociedade em como responder apropriadamente a revelaçãoe/ou detecção da violência sexual. Crianças e adolescentes que são vítimas desta barbárie precisam ser orientadas a revelar o abuso e solicitar ajuda para quantas pessoas forem necessárias até que sejam ouvidos e acolhidos. Abordar o tema e o
discutir, amplamente, em todas as esferas da sociedade é forma de mobilizar,
sensibilizar, instrumentalizar o coletivo, desmistificando o assunto e chamando
atenção para essa importante questão social.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence at some point in life and to compare the presence of depressive and / or anxious symptoms; quality of life, use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs between this population and the one that have not been abused. In the sample of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence, wanted to know whether or not there was disclosure of sexual violence experience and the reasons for not having reveled. Methods: Validated questionnaires and instruments were applied to a population of university students, to assess: sexual and behavior profile, socioeconomic level, exposure to traumatic events (QUESI – presence or not of sexual violence), depressive symptoms (BDI) and / or anxiety (BAI), quality of life (WHOQOL) and the use or abuse of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs (ASSIST). Interviews were conducted by the researchers, with 22 participants who had been victims of sexual violence to obtain an Oral History about the abuse experienced by these individuals. Results: Of the 858 students who responded to the survey, 71 (8.3%) were victims of sexual violence, 52 (73.2%) were girls. In the abused victim group, there were economically disadvantaged students, more students who had already had sexual intercourse (p = 0.029), students who had already become pregnant (p = 0.001), students with higher scores for depressive (p <0.001) and anxious symptoms (p = 0.001), students with worse quality of live (p <0.001) and who abused more tobacco (p = 0.008), marijuana (p = 0.025) and hypnotics / sedatives (p = 0.048) when compared to the non-victim group. Twenty-nine episodes of violence were experienced by the 22 interviewees, three episodes were excluded because they were perpetrated by unknown people. Of the 26 abuse situations experienced, 4 (15,4%) occurrences were never revealed; 5 (19,2%), the disclosure occurred much later when the abuse had already ceased; 8 (30,8%) were revealed and /or detected and the abuse ceased; and in 9 (34,6%), despite the revelation and / or detection, the victim continued to be molested by the aggressor, and nothing was done. Conclusions: The impacts caused by the abuse are several and affect, even in the long-term, the lives of survivors. It is not enough for the child or adolescent to talk, the adult who receives the disclosure must be willing to listen, it is not enough for the adult to see the child or adolescent being victimized, he / she needs to want to see it. It is xvi observed an urgent need to sensitize and educate society on how to respond appropriately to the disclosures and / or detection of sexual violence. Children and adolescents who are victims of this barbarism should be oriented to disclose the abuse and to ask for help to as many people as necessary until they are heard and supported. Approaching and discussing the topic, widely, in all spheres of society is a way of mobilizing, sensitizing, instrumentalizing the collective, demystifying the subject and drawing attention to this important social issue.
Objective: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence at some point in life and to compare the presence of depressive and / or anxious symptoms; quality of life, use of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drugs between this population and the one that have not been abused. In the sample of adolescents and young adults who were victims of sexual violence, wanted to know whether or not there was disclosure of sexual violence experience and the reasons for not having reveled. Methods: Validated questionnaires and instruments were applied to a population of university students, to assess: sexual and behavior profile, socioeconomic level, exposure to traumatic events (QUESI – presence or not of sexual violence), depressive symptoms (BDI) and / or anxiety (BAI), quality of life (WHOQOL) and the use or abuse of tobacco, alcohol and illicit drugs (ASSIST). Interviews were conducted by the researchers, with 22 participants who had been victims of sexual violence to obtain an Oral History about the abuse experienced by these individuals. Results: Of the 858 students who responded to the survey, 71 (8.3%) were victims of sexual violence, 52 (73.2%) were girls. In the abused victim group, there were economically disadvantaged students, more students who had already had sexual intercourse (p = 0.029), students who had already become pregnant (p = 0.001), students with higher scores for depressive (p <0.001) and anxious symptoms (p = 0.001), students with worse quality of live (p <0.001) and who abused more tobacco (p = 0.008), marijuana (p = 0.025) and hypnotics / sedatives (p = 0.048) when compared to the non-victim group. Twenty-nine episodes of violence were experienced by the 22 interviewees, three episodes were excluded because they were perpetrated by unknown people. Of the 26 abuse situations experienced, 4 (15,4%) occurrences were never revealed; 5 (19,2%), the disclosure occurred much later when the abuse had already ceased; 8 (30,8%) were revealed and /or detected and the abuse ceased; and in 9 (34,6%), despite the revelation and / or detection, the victim continued to be molested by the aggressor, and nothing was done. Conclusions: The impacts caused by the abuse are several and affect, even in the long-term, the lives of survivors. It is not enough for the child or adolescent to talk, the adult who receives the disclosure must be willing to listen, it is not enough for the adult to see the child or adolescent being victimized, he / she needs to want to see it. It is xvi observed an urgent need to sensitize and educate society on how to respond appropriately to the disclosures and / or detection of sexual violence. Children and adolescents who are victims of this barbarism should be oriented to disclose the abuse and to ask for help to as many people as necessary until they are heard and supported. Approaching and discussing the topic, widely, in all spheres of society is a way of mobilizing, sensitizing, instrumentalizing the collective, demystifying the subject and drawing attention to this important social issue.