A flora arbórea de rubiaceae em um fragmento de floresta atlântica na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo, SP
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Data
2019-06-27
Autores
Giaquinto, Cláudia Barcelos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Bruniera, Carla Poleselli [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente estudo consiste em um tratamento taxonômico das espécies arbóreas de Rubiaceae
no Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), uma Unidade de
Conservação Municipal criada em 2003, localizada no Município de Santo André, São Paulo,
com área total de 426 hectares. O PNMNP localiza-se em uma área de proteção de mananciais,
onde encontram-se as nascentes do rio Grande, o maior rio formador da represa Billings,
responsável pelo abastecimento de 1,5 milhão de pessoas nos municípios da Grande São Paulo.
A vegetação do PNMNP faz parte do domínio da Floresta Atlântica, é caracterizada como
Floresta Ombrófila Densa, em grande parte secundária em estado médio ou avançado de
regeneração, sendo que um estudo fitossociológico realizado no PNMNP em 2011 evidenciou
a importância das espécies de Rubiaceae para a vegetação do Parque, visto que esta foi a
segunda família mais diversa, além de possuir as duas espécies mais abundantes. Dessa forma,
este estudo teve como objetivos: conhecer a diversidade de espécies arbóreas de Rubiaceae do
PNMNP; levantar caracteres informativos para a identificação das espécies de Rubiaceae
encontradas; apresentar um tratamento taxonômico com descrições dos gêneros, das espécies,
chaves de identificação, comentários sobre sua taxonomia, distribuição e fenologia; e produzir
um guia de identificação. O trabalho foi executado com a utilização de métodos usuais em
taxonomia vegetal: consulta a literatura especializada, visitas a herbários, pedidos de
empréstimo de materiais e trabalho de campo. Foram identificados 12 gêneros com 20 espécies,
sendo Psychotria L. o gênero mais diverso com seis espécies, amplamente distribuídas pelo
Parque, principalmente em áreas de médio e avançado estado de regeneração. Somente a
espécie Psychotria hastisepala Müll. Arg. foi localizada apenas em área de borda florestal. As
espécies Coussarea contracta (Walp.) Müll. Arg. var. contracta, Chomelia brasiliana A. Rich.
e Chomelia pedunculosa Benth. não haviam sido relatadas para o local anteriormente. A espécie
Psychotria mima Standl. foi localizada em área de Floresta Ombrófila Densa Altomontana,
sendo que em estudos anteriores foi relatada como espécie com provável ocorrência no
PNMNP. Os resultados deste trabalho taxonômico irão contribuir para o conhecimento sobre
as espécies arbóreas de Rubiaceae, principalmente da Floresta Atlântica, auxiliando também no
Projeto Flora do Brasil 2020, e ainda, poderá fornecer subsídios para o manejo e conservação
dos escassos fragmentos florestais remanescentes na Região Metropolitana de São Paulo.
This study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the arboreous species of Rubiaceae in the Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), a Municipal Conservation Unit established in 2003, located in the Municipality of Santo André, São Paulo, with an area of 426 hectares. The PNMNP is in a wellspring’s protection area, which is the headwaters of the Rio Grande, the largest river forming the Billings dam, responsible for the water supply of 1.5 million people in metropolitan area of São Paulo. The vegetation of PNMNP is part of the Atlantic Rainforest domain, and is characterized as ombrophylous forest, being mostly secondary vegetation in medium or advanced stage of regeneration, being that a phytosociological study in PNMNP performed in 2011 highlighted the importance of the Rubiaceae species in the vegetation composition of the park, as this was the second most diverse family, besides including the two most abundant species. Thus, the objectives of this study were: to know the diversity of arboreous species of Rubiaceae in PNMNP; to present informative characteres for the species of Rubiaceae found; to present a taxonomic treatment with species descriptions, identification keys, comments on its taxonomy, distribution and phenology; and produce an identification guide. The work was carried out using the usual methods in plant taxonomy: consulting the literature, visits to herbaria, loan requests for materials and field work. It was identified 12 genera and 20 species, being Psychotria the most diverse genus with six species, widely distributed in the Park, mainly in areas of medium and advanced regeneration. Only the species Psychotria hastisepala Müll. Arg. was located only in forest border area. The species Coussarea contracta (Walp.) Müll. Arg. var. contracta, Chomelia brasiliana A. Rich. and Chomelia pedunculosa Benth. had not been reported to the area before. The species Psychotria mima was in the High Montane Ombrophilous Forest area, and in previous studies it was reported as of probable occurrence in the PNMNP. The results of this taxonomic study will contribute to the knowledge of the arboreous species of Rubiaceae, especially from Atlantic Rainforest, assisting also in the Flora of Brazil 2020 Project, and still, may provide important information for the maintenance and conservation of forest fragments of the few Atlantic Rainforest that remains in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo.
This study consists of a taxonomic treatment of the arboreous species of Rubiaceae in the Parque Natural Municipal Nascentes de Paranapiacaba (PNMNP), a Municipal Conservation Unit established in 2003, located in the Municipality of Santo André, São Paulo, with an area of 426 hectares. The PNMNP is in a wellspring’s protection area, which is the headwaters of the Rio Grande, the largest river forming the Billings dam, responsible for the water supply of 1.5 million people in metropolitan area of São Paulo. The vegetation of PNMNP is part of the Atlantic Rainforest domain, and is characterized as ombrophylous forest, being mostly secondary vegetation in medium or advanced stage of regeneration, being that a phytosociological study in PNMNP performed in 2011 highlighted the importance of the Rubiaceae species in the vegetation composition of the park, as this was the second most diverse family, besides including the two most abundant species. Thus, the objectives of this study were: to know the diversity of arboreous species of Rubiaceae in PNMNP; to present informative characteres for the species of Rubiaceae found; to present a taxonomic treatment with species descriptions, identification keys, comments on its taxonomy, distribution and phenology; and produce an identification guide. The work was carried out using the usual methods in plant taxonomy: consulting the literature, visits to herbaria, loan requests for materials and field work. It was identified 12 genera and 20 species, being Psychotria the most diverse genus with six species, widely distributed in the Park, mainly in areas of medium and advanced regeneration. Only the species Psychotria hastisepala Müll. Arg. was located only in forest border area. The species Coussarea contracta (Walp.) Müll. Arg. var. contracta, Chomelia brasiliana A. Rich. and Chomelia pedunculosa Benth. had not been reported to the area before. The species Psychotria mima was in the High Montane Ombrophilous Forest area, and in previous studies it was reported as of probable occurrence in the PNMNP. The results of this taxonomic study will contribute to the knowledge of the arboreous species of Rubiaceae, especially from Atlantic Rainforest, assisting also in the Flora of Brazil 2020 Project, and still, may provide important information for the maintenance and conservation of forest fragments of the few Atlantic Rainforest that remains in the Metropolitan Region of São Paulo.