Suplementação aguda de chocolate rico em cacau: análise dos biomarcadores metabólicos e ventilatórios antes e após exercício físico agudo em homens pré-hipertensos
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Arquivos
Data
2014-12-10
Autores
Cerrone, Leticia Andrade [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Santos, Ronaldo Vagner Thomatieli dos [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A HAS aumenta o risco de danos cardiovasculares tanto nos brasileiros quanto em toda população
mundial. Contudo há muitos pesquisadores interessados nessa patologia e no estudo científico dela.
Diferentemente, esse estudo se propôs a estudar a classe de pré-hipertensos para evitar o
desenvolvimento da patologia. O exercício físico é consagrado, no meio científico, como
mecanismo não farmacológico para prevenção primária e secundária de doenças crônicas tais como:
hipertensão arterial sistêmica, aterosclerose, disfunção endotelial, diabetes mellitus tipo II,
obesidade, síndrome metabólica, câncer, depressão, osteoporose e osteoartrose. O cacau consiste no
alimento que possui a maior concentração de flavonoides, entre esses as catequinas, epicatequinas e
a teobromina. Os flavonoides são um grupo de polifenois que possuem ação antioxidante e
antitrombótica, e essa capacidade é maior que a encontrada em chás e vinhos. Por conseguinte o
chocolate preto amargo possui cerca de três vezes mais flavonoides quando comparados ao
chocolate branco e ao chocolate ao leite. Dessa forma o problema do nosso estudo é: Em que
medida a suplementação de 100g de chocolate preto 85% cacau, e seu conteúdo em flavonoides,
exerce influências em biomarcadores metabólicos e ventilatórios de indivíduos pré-hipertensos
quando aliados ao exercício físico agudo? E o objetivo geral se caracterizou por avaliar o efeito de
duas sessões agudas de exercício físico incremental em biomarcadores metabólicos e ventilatórios
em pré-hipertensos. O estudo foi desenvolvido com oito indivíduos do sexo masculino, de 20 a 40
anos e pré-hipertensos sendo que todos assinaram o TCLE. Os voluntários compareceram três vezes
ao laboratório, na primeira vez realizaram testes de composição corporal, avaliação da capacidade
aeróbia e eletrocardiograma de repouso. Nos dias subsequentes foram realizadas as coletas de
sangue antes e após o protocolo de exercício físico incremental em esteira com e sem chocolate
85% Cacau, e análise dos parâmetros ventilatórios: Consumo de Oxigênio Pico e submáximo,
Razão de Troca Respiratória, Ventilação, Razão Ventilação/Consumo de Oxigênio e Razão
Ventilação/Volume de Gás Carbônico. As dosagens foram realizadas a partir do soro/plasma
armazenado para os biomarcadores Creatina Quinase (CK), Lactato Desidrogenase (LDH), Glicose,
Colesterol, Lipoproteína de baixa densidade (LDL), Lipoproteína de alta densidade (HDL) e
Triacilglicerol (TAG). O protocolo de exercício incremental vinculado à suplementação de
chocolate rico em cacau aumentou os biomarcadores de lesão muscular CK e LDH em préhipertensos.
Mas apresentou melhora expressiva nos valores de HDL, melhorando o perfil lipídico
para desenvolvimento de aterosclerose nessa população. Apesar da verificação de alterações
significativas nos biomarcadores metabólicos essas não foram eficientes para exercer mudanças nos
parâmetros ventilatórios.
Hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular damage in Brazilians and across the world's population. However, many researchers interested in this pathology and development many scientifics study of it. Differently, this study proposes a research with the class of prehypertension subjects to prevent from hypertension’s development. It is known that a healthy lifestyle has direct influence in preventing hypertension and bad habbits should be avoided since they can trigger the disease, habits such as alcoholism, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and excess sodium in the diet. The cocoa is the food that has the highest concentration of flavonoids, catechins , epicatechins and theobromine. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenols that have antioxidant and antithrombotic action, and their amount in chocolates are greater than that found in teas and wines.Therefore the dark chocolate has about three times more flavonoids when compared to white chocolate and milk chocolate.Thus, the problem of our study is: up to what extent does the supplementation of a 100g of dark chocolate, and its content in flavonoids, exerts influences on ventilatory and metabolic biomarkers in prehypertensive individuals when allied to an acute exercise? And the general goal of this study was evaluating the effect of two acute sessions of incremental exercise on ventilatory and metabolic biomarkers in prehypertensive. The study was conducted with eight male subjects, 20-40 years old and prehypertensive status all of whom signed the consent form. Volunteers were subjected to three different situations. On the first time, was performed body composition test, aerobic capacity assessment and a resting electrocardiogram. On the second and third times, blood samples were taken before and after the incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill with and without chocolate 85% cocoa. In both protocols it was used a mask to analyze the following ventilator parameters: Peak Oxygen Consumption and submaximal Respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, Ventilation reason / reason and Oxygen Consumption Ventilation / Volume of Carbon Dioxide. The measurements were made from the stored blood plasma/ serum and the analyzed biomarkers were: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TAG). The incremental exercise protocol with supplementation of 85% cocoa chocolate showed a significant increase in biomarkers of muscle injury CK and LDH. However, it showed significant improvement in HDL levels, improving lipid profile to avoid the development of atherosclerosis. Even though there were significant changes in those metabolic biomarkers it was not observed any significant changes on the ventilator parameters
Hypertension increases the risk of cardiovascular damage in Brazilians and across the world's population. However, many researchers interested in this pathology and development many scientifics study of it. Differently, this study proposes a research with the class of prehypertension subjects to prevent from hypertension’s development. It is known that a healthy lifestyle has direct influence in preventing hypertension and bad habbits should be avoided since they can trigger the disease, habits such as alcoholism, smoking, sedentary lifestyle and excess sodium in the diet. The cocoa is the food that has the highest concentration of flavonoids, catechins , epicatechins and theobromine. Flavonoids are a group of polyphenols that have antioxidant and antithrombotic action, and their amount in chocolates are greater than that found in teas and wines.Therefore the dark chocolate has about three times more flavonoids when compared to white chocolate and milk chocolate.Thus, the problem of our study is: up to what extent does the supplementation of a 100g of dark chocolate, and its content in flavonoids, exerts influences on ventilatory and metabolic biomarkers in prehypertensive individuals when allied to an acute exercise? And the general goal of this study was evaluating the effect of two acute sessions of incremental exercise on ventilatory and metabolic biomarkers in prehypertensive. The study was conducted with eight male subjects, 20-40 years old and prehypertensive status all of whom signed the consent form. Volunteers were subjected to three different situations. On the first time, was performed body composition test, aerobic capacity assessment and a resting electrocardiogram. On the second and third times, blood samples were taken before and after the incremental exercise protocol on a treadmill with and without chocolate 85% cocoa. In both protocols it was used a mask to analyze the following ventilator parameters: Peak Oxygen Consumption and submaximal Respiratory exchange ratio, ventilation, Ventilation reason / reason and Oxygen Consumption Ventilation / Volume of Carbon Dioxide. The measurements were made from the stored blood plasma/ serum and the analyzed biomarkers were: creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), glucose, cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and triacylglycerol (TAG). The incremental exercise protocol with supplementation of 85% cocoa chocolate showed a significant increase in biomarkers of muscle injury CK and LDH. However, it showed significant improvement in HDL levels, improving lipid profile to avoid the development of atherosclerosis. Even though there were significant changes in those metabolic biomarkers it was not observed any significant changes on the ventilator parameters
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Citação
CERRONE, Leticia Andrade. Suplementação aguda de chocolate rico em cacau: análise dos biomarcadores metabólicos e ventilatórios antes e após exercício físico agudo em homens pré-hipertensos. 2014. 43 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação (Educação Física) - Instituto de Saúde e Sociedade, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2014.