Ensino-aprendizagem da política nacional de medicamentos (RENAME e URM) na Graduação Médica da Universidade Federal do Tocantins
Date
2014-03-21
Authors
Andrade, Elizangela Braga [UNIFESP]
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Goldenberg, Paulete [UNIFESP]
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Dissertação de mestrado
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Abstract
O estudo teve por objetivo geral caracterizar o ensino sobre a Política Nacional de Medicamentos (PNM) na graduação médica da Universidade Federal do Tocantins, focalizando a instituição e seus atores - coordenador do curso, docentes e alunos. Trata-se de um estudo descritivo, em caráter exploratório, apoiado em abordagem qualitativa, que comportou três movimentos investigativos. O primeiro se propôs a identificar, por meio do Projeto Político e Pedagógico, as disposições relativas ao ensino disponibilizado na instituição. O segundo, através de entrevistas semiestruturadas, buscou apreender o ensino da questão do medicamento na perspectiva do coordenador do curso e de docentes das disciplinas de Saúde Coletiva, Saúde da Família: Vivências em Atenção Básica I, Farmacologia Básica e Farmacologia Médica. O terceiro movimento, por sua vez, utilizando a estratégia de grupos focais, viabilizou a qualificação deste ensino sob a perspectiva de estudantes no ciclo básico (sétimo período) e no internato (nono e décimo períodos). Para efeito de análise, foi utilizada a técnica de análise do conteúdo, modalidade temática. Os resultados mostram que o PPP especificou o propósito de formar o aluno para atuar no SUS, com conhecimento aprimorado para as necessidades da população amazônica. Para tanto, em conformidade às Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais, preconiza a articulação entre a instituição formadora e os serviços de saúde. De forma coerente, ao lado da valorização do ensino pela prática, na perspectiva pedagógica, o projeto aponta para o recurso às metodologias de participação ativa do aluno. No entanto, o PPP não permite antever o tratamento político explícito da questão dos medicamentos. As ementas das áreas de conhecimento da Saúde Coletiva e Farmacologia não abordam a questão formalmente e seus conteúdos não se cruzam. No Internato, algumas áreas discutem o tema, mas de forma pontual. Na perspectiva do coordenador do curso a temática não é priorizada na universidade como deveria. Os professores, por sua vez, afirmaram a falta de preparo a respeito da PNM. Segundo eles não constam do conteúdo programático das disciplinas a abordagem sobre a RENAME. A URM constitui tema mais valorizado, particularmente na Farmacologia, prevalecendo o foco restrito do ensino ao tratamento individual. Os estudantes declararam, enfim, que não foram orientados de forma sistemática sobre a assistência farmacêutica no SUS e reconheceram que esta falta de orientação compromete a prescrição e o acesso dos pacientes aos medicamentos (por eles) indicados. Diante do exposto, emerge a sugestão de aprimorar a relação teórico-prática desde o início do curso, sendo apontada “a prescrição e o acesso aos medicamentos no SUS” como temática relevante a ser explorada em todas as oportunidades existentes no currículo.
The proposed study aimed to characterize the teaching concerning the Brazilian National Drugs Policy (NDP) offered to medical students at the Federal University of Tocantins, focusing on the medicine course coordination, faculty members, students as well as on the institution itself. This is a qualitative descriptive study, of exploratory nature. It has three investigative movements. The first one, based on the medical Political and Pedagogical Project (PPP) of the University, aimed to identify provisions related to the education provided by the institution. The second one, through semi-structured interviews, sought to grasp the teaching of the National Drugs Policy from the perspective of the Medicine course coordinator and the faculty members, specifically those responsible for the Public Health and Family Health courses: Experiences in Primary Care I, Basic Pharmacology and Medical Pharmacology. The third movement, in turn, using focal groups strategy enabled the qualification of the teaching from the perspective of students still in a basic cycle semester (seventh semester) and in the first year of their clinical rotation internship (ninth and tenth semesters). Content and thematic terms analysis technique have been used for analysis purposes. Results showed that the specified PPP aims to prepare students to work in the Brazilian National Health System (NHS), enhancing their knowledge to fulfill the Amazonian population needs. For that, pursuant to the National Curriculum Guidelines, it is necessary to enhance a good educational institution versus health services articulation. In a coherent fashion, valuing teaching by practice, based on a pedagogical perspective, the project aims to use active student participation methodologies. However, the project does not allow to predict explicit political treatment addressing the Drugs issue. Menus covering Public Health and Pharmacology courses do not cover it formally either and their contents do not intersect well. During medical Internship that issue may be discussed but just occasionally. According to the course coordinator, that thematic is not prioritized at the university. Faculty members, in turn , point out that there is a lack of preparation regarding the Brazilian National Drugs Policy and affirm that the National Essential Drugs List (NEDL) is not part of the medical regular curriculum. The Rational Use of Drugs (RUD) is the most valued related subject, particularly in Pharmacology, placing teaching on an individual treatment basis. Students at last declared they have not been systematically instructed about legal aspects concerning pharmaceutical care in the NHS and admitted that it impacts negatively on their prescriptions practice, compromising patients access to medicines. Given the above, it is suggested the improvement of the theory-practice relationship since the beginning of the medical school activities. It is important to single out "the prescription and access to medicines in the NHS" as a relevant topic to be explored in every opportunity found in the curriculum.
The proposed study aimed to characterize the teaching concerning the Brazilian National Drugs Policy (NDP) offered to medical students at the Federal University of Tocantins, focusing on the medicine course coordination, faculty members, students as well as on the institution itself. This is a qualitative descriptive study, of exploratory nature. It has three investigative movements. The first one, based on the medical Political and Pedagogical Project (PPP) of the University, aimed to identify provisions related to the education provided by the institution. The second one, through semi-structured interviews, sought to grasp the teaching of the National Drugs Policy from the perspective of the Medicine course coordinator and the faculty members, specifically those responsible for the Public Health and Family Health courses: Experiences in Primary Care I, Basic Pharmacology and Medical Pharmacology. The third movement, in turn, using focal groups strategy enabled the qualification of the teaching from the perspective of students still in a basic cycle semester (seventh semester) and in the first year of their clinical rotation internship (ninth and tenth semesters). Content and thematic terms analysis technique have been used for analysis purposes. Results showed that the specified PPP aims to prepare students to work in the Brazilian National Health System (NHS), enhancing their knowledge to fulfill the Amazonian population needs. For that, pursuant to the National Curriculum Guidelines, it is necessary to enhance a good educational institution versus health services articulation. In a coherent fashion, valuing teaching by practice, based on a pedagogical perspective, the project aims to use active student participation methodologies. However, the project does not allow to predict explicit political treatment addressing the Drugs issue. Menus covering Public Health and Pharmacology courses do not cover it formally either and their contents do not intersect well. During medical Internship that issue may be discussed but just occasionally. According to the course coordinator, that thematic is not prioritized at the university. Faculty members, in turn , point out that there is a lack of preparation regarding the Brazilian National Drugs Policy and affirm that the National Essential Drugs List (NEDL) is not part of the medical regular curriculum. The Rational Use of Drugs (RUD) is the most valued related subject, particularly in Pharmacology, placing teaching on an individual treatment basis. Students at last declared they have not been systematically instructed about legal aspects concerning pharmaceutical care in the NHS and admitted that it impacts negatively on their prescriptions practice, compromising patients access to medicines. Given the above, it is suggested the improvement of the theory-practice relationship since the beginning of the medical school activities. It is important to single out "the prescription and access to medicines in the NHS" as a relevant topic to be explored in every opportunity found in the curriculum.
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Citation
ANDRADE, Elizangela Braga. Ensino-aprendizagem da política nacional de medicamentos (RENAME e URM) na Graduação Médica da Universidade Federal do Tocantins. 2014. 124f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Ciências da Saúde) – Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2014.