A aprendizagem baseada em problemas no Curso de Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP): desafios da implantação curricular
Data
2013
Autores
Almeida, Elza Maria Rezende de [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Maia, José Antonio [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Introdução: A educação médica no Brasil, ao longo dos anos, vem sofrendo transformações, principalmente no que se refere à implantação e reformulação curricular nos cursos de graduação em medicina, motivando o Ministério da Educação (MEC) a implantar as Diretrizes Curriculares Nacionais de 2001, levando o aluno a ter uma visão ampliada, crítico-reflexiva e capaz de atuar nos diversos níveis de atenção, com vistas à promoção, prevenção, recuperação e reabilitação da saúde. Neste contexto, a pesquisadora, docente da Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP) desde o início do curso, em 2010, preocupada com o seu desenvolvimento, observa algumas dificuldades de aplicação prática da metodologia da Aprendizagem Baseada em Problemas (ABP) entre os diversos sujeitos envolvidos, o que enseja a iniciativa deste estudo. Objetivos: Descrever o processo de implantação e desenvolvimento do Curso de Medicina na UNIFAP. Analisar, sob a ótica documental e da percepção dos atores envolvidos, a inserção e os fundamentos da ABP no Projeto Pedagógico do Curso. Identificar aspectos facilitadores e críticos para o desenvolvimento do novo Curso. Metodologia: Considerando-se a natureza dos dados a serem obtidos e analisados, foi utilizada a abordagem qualitativa, através de pesquisa documental, entrevista semi-estruturada, com perguntas abertas e semi-abertas, em que os sujeitos responderam a sete perguntas que tratavam desde os motivos da adoção do método ABP até o desenvolvimento do curso. Resultados e Discussão: Evidenciou-se que a adoção da metodologia ABP surgiu como uma opção (dentre outras possibilidades) que atendesse às determinações do MEC e algum grau de influência decorreu de visitas realizadas pelos gestores da Unifap a diversas intituições de ensino superior em saúde no país. Além disso, os entrevistados apontaram pontos importantes como o empenho dos gestores da UNIFAP, principalmente da Coordenação do curso de medicina, bem como a vontade dos professores e a compreensão dos alunos. Conclusões e Considerações Finais: A escolha da metodologia ABP para o curso de medicina da UNIFAP constitui um grande desafio tanto para os gestores e professores. Estes valorizaram a ABP na formação dos médicos, destacando a importância da formação continuada de docentes, especialmente na função de tutores para o sucesso da metodologia. A busca de uma nova maneira de organizar a produção do conhecimento no curso de medicina, com o compromisso de cada vez mais formar egressos capazes de transformar a sociedade, leva a ampliar o olhar ora descortinado, dirigido a uma temática extremamente atual representada pela formação médica de qualidade em locais distantes dos grandes centros de ensino médico.
Introduction: Medical education in Brazil, over the years, has undergone important changes, especially with regard to the implementation and curricular reform in undergraduate courses, prompting the Ministry of Education (MEC) to implement the National Curriculum Guidelines, in 2001, leading the student to have a wider, critical-reflexive view, being capable of acting at different levels of health care, aiming to promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation of health. In this context, the researcher, teacher at the Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP) since the beginning of the course, in 2010, identified some difficulties in the practical application of the methodology of Problem Based Learning (PBL) among the various subjects involved, which motivated the present study. Objectives: To describe the implementation and development of the Medical School in UNIFAP. To analyze, from documents and the perceptions of the involved actors, insertion and the fundamentals of the methodology of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the Pedagogic Project of the Course. To identify facilitators and critical aspects related to the development of the new course. Methodology : Considering the nature of the data to be obtained and analyzed , the qualitative approach was used, through documental research, semistructured interviews with open and semi-open questions and a set of seven questions, answered by the subjects, that addressed since the reasons for the adoption of PBL to the development of the course. Results and Discussion: It was evident that the adoption of PBL has emerged as an option (among other possibilities) that met the stipulations of the MEC. Some degree of influence ran from visits by teachers of UNIFAP to several medical schools in the country. In addition, respondents pointed out important issues, as the commitment of teachers of UNIFAP, particularly the Coordination of medical school, as well as the willingness of teachers and students' understanding. Conclusions and Final Considerations: The choice of PBL for the Medical Course of UNIFAP is a major challenge for both managers and teachers. These valued PBL in medical training, highlighting the importance of continuing education for tutors, for the success of the methodology. The search for a new way of organizing the production of knowledge in the medical school, with a commitment to train graduates increasingly able to transform society, lead to broaden perspectives directed to extremely relevant issues posed by the medical training quality in locations distant from major centers of medical education
Introduction: Medical education in Brazil, over the years, has undergone important changes, especially with regard to the implementation and curricular reform in undergraduate courses, prompting the Ministry of Education (MEC) to implement the National Curriculum Guidelines, in 2001, leading the student to have a wider, critical-reflexive view, being capable of acting at different levels of health care, aiming to promotion, prevention, recovery and rehabilitation of health. In this context, the researcher, teacher at the Federal University of Amapá (UNIFAP) since the beginning of the course, in 2010, identified some difficulties in the practical application of the methodology of Problem Based Learning (PBL) among the various subjects involved, which motivated the present study. Objectives: To describe the implementation and development of the Medical School in UNIFAP. To analyze, from documents and the perceptions of the involved actors, insertion and the fundamentals of the methodology of Problem Based Learning (PBL) in the Pedagogic Project of the Course. To identify facilitators and critical aspects related to the development of the new course. Methodology : Considering the nature of the data to be obtained and analyzed , the qualitative approach was used, through documental research, semistructured interviews with open and semi-open questions and a set of seven questions, answered by the subjects, that addressed since the reasons for the adoption of PBL to the development of the course. Results and Discussion: It was evident that the adoption of PBL has emerged as an option (among other possibilities) that met the stipulations of the MEC. Some degree of influence ran from visits by teachers of UNIFAP to several medical schools in the country. In addition, respondents pointed out important issues, as the commitment of teachers of UNIFAP, particularly the Coordination of medical school, as well as the willingness of teachers and students' understanding. Conclusions and Final Considerations: The choice of PBL for the Medical Course of UNIFAP is a major challenge for both managers and teachers. These valued PBL in medical training, highlighting the importance of continuing education for tutors, for the success of the methodology. The search for a new way of organizing the production of knowledge in the medical school, with a commitment to train graduates increasingly able to transform society, lead to broaden perspectives directed to extremely relevant issues posed by the medical training quality in locations distant from major centers of medical education
Descrição
Citação
ALMEIDA, Elza Maria Rezende de. A aprendizagem baseada em problemas no Curso de Graduação em Medicina da Universidade Federal do Amapá (UNIFAP): desafios da implantação curricular. 2013. 86f. Dissertação (Mestrado Profissional em Ensino em Ciências da Saúde) – Escola Paulista de Enfermagem, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2013.