Um estudo sobre a ética em Sexto Empírico
Arquivos
Data
2012-11-29
Autores
Leite, Jefferson dos Santos Marcondes [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Smith, Plínio Junqueira [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente trabalho pretende explorar o universo ético do ceticismo pirrônico antigo de Sexto Empírico. Para
tanto, investigamos o tema nos livros em que Sexto trabalha a questão da ética, a saber, Hipotiposes Pirrônicas,
livros I e III, e Contra os Éticos. Sexto apresenta, no livro I das Hipotiposes, a concepção geral do ceticismo.
Essa apresentação permite entender como o cético se relaciona com a ética, tanto do ponto de vista da sua
reflexão sobre a ética dogmática, como da sua ação ética. Sobre este último ponto, Sexto rejeita as críticas feitas
pelos filósofos dogmáticos com relação a impossibilidade da vida prática do cético, indicando qual seria o
critério cético de ação. As outras duas obras desenvolvem a reflexão cética sobre a ética. Examinaremos se as
duas obras estão de acordo com a apresentação feita no livro I das Hipotiposes, ressaltando a unidade e a
autenticidade que o pensamento pirrônico de fato tem. Inicialmente, nos livros sobre ética, Sexto investiga, a
respeito das filosofias dogmáticas de sua época, principalmente a dos estoicos, a natureza do bem, do mal e do
indiferente, visto que os modelos éticos de sua época consistem numa reflexão sobre esses conceitos. Ao aplicar
o seu método filosófico, a argumentação dos dois lados de uma questão, gerando a equipolência, Sexto conclui
que a única solução possível para os temas éticos, tal como os dogmáticos a entendem, é suspender o juízo sobre
se existe algo que seja o bem, o mal ou o indiferente por natureza. Em segundo lugar, Sexto mostra que toda
arte de viver está fadada ao fracasso, visto que estão também vinculadas aos conceitos morais por natureza.
Finalmente, voltaremos à questão prática, quando Sexto apresenta o modelo cético de guiar uma vida eticamente,
tendo os fenômenos como o critério cético de ação. Desta forma, apresentaremos o pensamento ético pirrônico
de Sexto Empírico, com seu estilo próprio e suas características inovadoras e sofisticadas.
This study aims to explore the ethical universe of ancient pyrrhonian scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. We therefore investigated the subject in books where Sextus works the question of ethics, namely Pyrrhonian Hypotyposes, books I and III, and Against the Ethical. Sextus presents, in Book I of Hypotyposes, the general conception of scepticism. This presentation allows to understand how the skeptic it relates to ethics, both from the point of view of its reflection on the ethics dogmatic as their ethical action. On this last point, Sextus rejects the criticisms made by dogmatic philosophers regarding the impossibility of practical life of the skeptic, indicating what would be the criterion for action skeptical. The other two works develop skeptical reflection on ethics. Examine whether the two works are consistent with the presentation of the book I Hypotyposes, emphasizing unity and authenticity that thought has indeed Pyrrhonian. Initially, the books on ethics, Sextus investigates about the dogmatic philosophies of his day, especially the Stoics, the nature of good, bad and indifferent, since the ethical models of his day consists of a reflection on these concepts. By applying his philosophical method, the arguments on both sides of an issue, generating equipollence, Sextus concludes that the only possible solution to the ethical issues, such as the dogmatic understand it, is to suspend judgment about whether there is something that the good, bad or indifferent in nature. Second, Sextus shows that all art of living is doomed to failure, as they are also linked to moral concepts in nature. Finally, back to the practical question, when Sextus presents the model skeptical of guide a life ethically, with phenomena such as skeptical criterion of action. Thus, we present the ethical thinking Pyrrhonian of Sextus Empiricus, with its own style and its innovative features and sophisticated
This study aims to explore the ethical universe of ancient pyrrhonian scepticism of Sextus Empiricus. We therefore investigated the subject in books where Sextus works the question of ethics, namely Pyrrhonian Hypotyposes, books I and III, and Against the Ethical. Sextus presents, in Book I of Hypotyposes, the general conception of scepticism. This presentation allows to understand how the skeptic it relates to ethics, both from the point of view of its reflection on the ethics dogmatic as their ethical action. On this last point, Sextus rejects the criticisms made by dogmatic philosophers regarding the impossibility of practical life of the skeptic, indicating what would be the criterion for action skeptical. The other two works develop skeptical reflection on ethics. Examine whether the two works are consistent with the presentation of the book I Hypotyposes, emphasizing unity and authenticity that thought has indeed Pyrrhonian. Initially, the books on ethics, Sextus investigates about the dogmatic philosophies of his day, especially the Stoics, the nature of good, bad and indifferent, since the ethical models of his day consists of a reflection on these concepts. By applying his philosophical method, the arguments on both sides of an issue, generating equipollence, Sextus concludes that the only possible solution to the ethical issues, such as the dogmatic understand it, is to suspend judgment about whether there is something that the good, bad or indifferent in nature. Second, Sextus shows that all art of living is doomed to failure, as they are also linked to moral concepts in nature. Finally, back to the practical question, when Sextus presents the model skeptical of guide a life ethically, with phenomena such as skeptical criterion of action. Thus, we present the ethical thinking Pyrrhonian of Sextus Empiricus, with its own style and its innovative features and sophisticated
Descrição
Citação
LEITE, Jefferson dos Santos Marcondes. Um estudo sobre a ética em Sexto Empírico. 2012. 142 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Filosofia) – Escola de Filosofia, Letras e Ciências Humanas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Guarulhos, 2012.