Diferenciação dos parkinsonismos atípicos com auxílio da ressonância magnética
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2005
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Barsottini, Orlando Graziani Povoas [UNIFESP]
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Ferraz, Henrique Ballalai [UNIFESP]
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Abstract
Introdução: A diferenciação clínica dos parkinsonismos atípicos, incluindo a paralisia supranuclear progressiva (PSP) e a atrofia de múltiplos sistemas (AMS) em relação ao parkinsonismo idiopático ou doença de Parkinson (DP) nem sempre é possível. O objetivo deste trabalho é o de avaliar a importância da Ressonância Magnética (RM) na diferenciação entre as síndromes parkinsonianas atípicas e a doença de Parkinson e avaliar os principais achados nas síndromes parkinsonianas atípicas. Material e métodos: Foram avaliados vinte pacientes com parkinsonismo, segundo critérios atuais de diagnóstico, sendo seis pacientes com AMS (idade média de 57,5 anos) e cinco pacientes com PSP (idade média de 69,4 anos) e nove pacientes com DP (idade média de 58,2 anos). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à RM de 1.5 Tesla, segundo protocolo pré-estabelecido, incluindo análise de alterações morfológicas e de sinal, bem como medidas através de aquisições volumétricas tridimensionais. Foram avaliados: presença ou não do halo putaminal e do sinal periaquedutal, dilatação do 111 ventrículo, diâmetro antero-posterior do mesencéfalo, espessura da lâmina quadrigêmea, medida dos ângulos interpedunculares, volumetrias do tronco cerebral e cerebelo e medidas volumétricas e lineares dos núcleos caudado e putâmen Resultados: Nos pacientes com PSP a presença da dilatação do 111 ventrículo (presente em 100 por cento dos casos) associada à diminuição do diâmetro antero- posterior do mesencéfalo (média de 13,28 mm) e a diminuição da espessura da lâmina quadrigêmea (média de 2,86 mm) pode auxiliar na diferenciação da PSP com a DP e AMS. Na AMS a diminuição do volume putaminal (pvol=0,36) associada à presença do halo putaminal (presente em 100 por cento dos casos) podem auxiliar na diferenciação entre a AMS e a DP Conclusão: A associação dos achados semiológicos e protocolos de RM específicos para os parkinsonismos atípicos pode aumentar a acurácia diagnóstica nos casos duvidosos. Porém a RM permanece apenas como método auxiliar no diagnóstico, não substituindo o diagnóstico clínico e anatomopatológico destas doenças.
Background: Clinical differentiation of atypical parkinsonism, which includes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), in relation to the idiophatic parkinsonism or Parkinson´s disease (PD) is often difficult.The objective of this study is to differentiate atypical parkinsonism syndromes in relation to Parkinson´s disease through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate its principal findings through this screening Methods: We studied 20 consecutive patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for one of the following disease: PD, MSA, PSP. Five patients of these patients fulfilled the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Society for PSP (NINDS-SPSP) criteria for probable PSP. Six patients fulfilled the MSA criteria (possible and probable) according to Gilman and cols. There were nine patients with the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease, defined according to the United Kingdon PD Brain Bank criteria. The mean age and disease duration was not different between the groups at the time of MRI imaging. All these patients were submitted to MRI (1.5 T) screening according to pre-established ruling measures for atypical parkinsonism. These measures include dilatation of the third ventricle, midbrain diameter on axial scans, quadrigeminal plate thickness, presence of putaminal hyperintensity, volumetry of brainstem and cerebellum, volumetry of caudate and putamen, linear measurements of caudate and putamen and interpeduncular angle. All data were compared to previous published findings obtained from PD patients. Results: PSP patients presented dilatation of third ventricle (100%), lower midbrain diameter (mean 13,28 mm) and thinning of the quadrigeminal plate (mean 2,86 mm) in comparison with MSA and PD. MSA patients presented hyperintensive putaminal rim (100%) and lower putaminal volumetry in comparison with PD. This findings appears to be the most important in the difference of this diseases. Conclusions: Association of semiological findings and specific MRI ruling measures for atypical parkinsonism can increase the diagnostic accuracy; however, the gold standard still continues to be the anatomopathologic evaluation of the brain.
Background: Clinical differentiation of atypical parkinsonism, which includes progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), multiple system atrophy (MSA), in relation to the idiophatic parkinsonism or Parkinson´s disease (PD) is often difficult.The objective of this study is to differentiate atypical parkinsonism syndromes in relation to Parkinson´s disease through magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and to evaluate its principal findings through this screening Methods: We studied 20 consecutive patients who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for one of the following disease: PD, MSA, PSP. Five patients of these patients fulfilled the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke and Society for PSP (NINDS-SPSP) criteria for probable PSP. Six patients fulfilled the MSA criteria (possible and probable) according to Gilman and cols. There were nine patients with the clinical diagnosis of Parkinson disease, defined according to the United Kingdon PD Brain Bank criteria. The mean age and disease duration was not different between the groups at the time of MRI imaging. All these patients were submitted to MRI (1.5 T) screening according to pre-established ruling measures for atypical parkinsonism. These measures include dilatation of the third ventricle, midbrain diameter on axial scans, quadrigeminal plate thickness, presence of putaminal hyperintensity, volumetry of brainstem and cerebellum, volumetry of caudate and putamen, linear measurements of caudate and putamen and interpeduncular angle. All data were compared to previous published findings obtained from PD patients. Results: PSP patients presented dilatation of third ventricle (100%), lower midbrain diameter (mean 13,28 mm) and thinning of the quadrigeminal plate (mean 2,86 mm) in comparison with MSA and PD. MSA patients presented hyperintensive putaminal rim (100%) and lower putaminal volumetry in comparison with PD. This findings appears to be the most important in the difference of this diseases. Conclusions: Association of semiological findings and specific MRI ruling measures for atypical parkinsonism can increase the diagnostic accuracy; however, the gold standard still continues to be the anatomopathologic evaluation of the brain.
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BARSOTTINI, Orlando Graziani Povoas. Diferenciação dos parkinsonismos atípicos com auxílio da ressonância magnética. 2005. 90 f. Tese (Doutorado em Ciências) - Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2005.