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- ItemEmbargoEnvironmental factors have stronger effects than biotic processes in patterns of intertidal populations along the southeast coast of Brazil(Elsevier, 2024-07-17) Cordeiro, Cesar Augusto Marcelino Mendes; Pardal, André [UNIFESP]; Giménez, Luis; Ciotti, Áurea Maria; Jenkins, Stuart Rees; Burrows, Michael T.; Williams, Gray A.; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6383192984652602; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6271009643657143; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4170381439518486; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Rocky shore communities are shaped by complex interactions among environmental drivers and a range of biological processes. Here, we investigated the importance of abiotic and biotic drivers on the population structure of key rocky intertidal species at 62 sites, spanning ∼50% of the Brazilian rocky shoreline (i.e., ∼500 km). Large-scale population patterns were generally explained by differences in ocean temperature and wave exposure. For the gastropod species Lottia subrugosa, differences at smaller scales (i.e., 0.1–1 km) were better explained by other abiotic influences such as freshwater discharge and substrate roughness. Based on the general population patterns of intertidal species identified, three main oceanographic groups were observed: a cold-oligotrophic grouping at northern sites (Lakes sub-region), a eutrophic group associated with large estuaries and urban zones (Santos and Guanabara bays); and a transitional warm-water group found between the two more productive areas. Larger individuals of Stramonita brasiliensis, L. subrugosa and Echinolittorina lineolata were generally found in the cold-oligotrophic system (i.e., upwelling region), while small suspension feeders dominate the warm-eutrophic systems. Evidence of bottom-up regulation was not observed, and top-down regulation effects were only observed between the whelk S. brasiliensis and its mussel prey Perna perna. Environmental drivers as compared to biotic interactions, therefore, play a key role determining the population structure of multiple intertidal species, across a range of spatial scales along the SW Atlantic shores.
- ItemEmbargoMacroecology of rocky intertidal benthic communities along the southwestern Atlantic: Patterns of spatial variation and associations with natural and anthropogenic variables(Elsevier, 2023-07-10) Pardal, André [UNIFESP]; Martinez, Aline Sbizera [UNIFESP]; Ciotti, Áurea Maria; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]; Cordeiro, Cesar Augusto Marcelino Mendes; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6271009643657143; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4622328317588092; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4170381439518486; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Assessing spatial variability in biodiversity and its relationships with potential drivers is necessary for understanding and predicting changes in ecosystems. Here, we evaluated spatial patterns in sessile macrobenthic communities in rocky intertidal habitats along the southwestern Atlantic (SE Brazil), spanning over 500 km of coastline. We applied a rapid-survey approach focusing on the main space occupiers and habitat-forming taxa. We partitioned community variance into spatial scales ranging from metres to hundreds of kilometres and assessed whether community patterns were associated with variation in shore topography, nearshore ocean, and human influence. The communities from the mid-midlittoral level exhibited equivalent variation (31–35%) at the scales of quadrats (metres), sites (kilometres), and sub-regions (tens of kilometres). For the communities from the low-midlittoral and infralittoral fringe levels, most variability occurred at the scales of quadrats and sites (30–42%), followed by sub-regions (22%). Wave fetch, sea surface temperature (SST), and shore inclination were the variables that best explained community structure at the mid-midlittoral. At the low-midlittoral and infralittoral fringe, the most influential variables were related to oceanic forcing (SST, total suspended solids, particulate organic carbon, chlorophyll-a concentration) and human influence. Univariate analyses also revealed strong associations between the abundance of the main components of the communities and the predictor variables evaluated. Our results suggest that urbanised estuarine bays and coastal upwelling regimes have a strong influence on adjacent benthic communities, driving macroecological patterns in the study area. This study advances the knowledge in macroecology and biogeography of rocky shores in an understudied coastline and globally and provides valuable insights for future assessments of ecological changes resulting from unfolding human impacts.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Urbanisation on the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: the extent of coastal hardening and occupations in low-elevation zones(Springer Nature, 2024-06-26) Pardal, André [UNIFESP]; Pardal-Souza, André Luiz [UNIFESP]; Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano [UNIFESP]; Martinez, Aline Sbizera [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6271009643657143; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4170381439518486; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4622328317588092; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Worldwide, coastlines have been replaced and altered by hard infrastructures to protect cities and accommodate human activities. In addition, human settlements are common and increasing in lowland areas threatened by coastal risk hazards. These urbanisation processes cause severe socioeconomic and ecological losses which demand policy reforms towards better coastal management and climate resilience. A first step in that direction is to comprehend the status of coastal hardening and occupation of vulnerable areas. Here, we mapped the coastline of the most populous and developed state of Brazil: São Paulo (SP). Our goal was to quantify the linear extent of natural habitats, artificial structures (AS), and occupations in low-elevation coastal zones (≤ 5 m) within 100 m from marine environments (LECZ100m) along the coastline and within estuaries. SP coast has a total extent of 244 km of AS, of which 125 and 119 km correspond to AS running along the coastline (e.g., seawalls, breakwaters) and extending from the shoreline into adjacent waters (e.g., jetties, pontoons, groynes), respectively. 63% of the total extent of AS is located in the most urbanised region. Breakwalls were the most common infrastructure (108 km), followed by jetties and wharves (~40 km each), and aquaculture and fishing apparatus (~24 km). Over 300 km of the SP coastline has inland occupations in LECZ100m: 235 and 67 km are adjacent to sandy beaches and estuarine/river margins, respectively. Coastal hardening is advanced in the central region of SP resulting from intense port activities and armoured shorelines. In other regions, much of coastal urbanisation seems to be driven by secondary usage of the cities, such as real estate development for beach houses and tourism. Our findings suggest that coastal urbanisation poses a major but often neglected source of environmental impact and risk hazards in SP and Brazil.
- ItemEmbargoWater and sediment toxicity and hazard assessment of DCOIT towards neotropical marine organisms(Elsevier Ltd. All, 2023-08-01) Campos, Bruno Galvão de; Moreira, Lucas Buruaem [UNIFESP]; Pauly, Guacira de Figueiredo Eufrasio; Cruz, Ana Carolina Feitosa; Perina, Fernando Cesar; Abreu, Fiamma Eugênia Lemos; Fillmann, Gilberto; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6881770615474884; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)DCOIT is an effective antifouling biocide, which presence in the environment and toxicity towards non-target species has been generating great concern. This study evaluated the waterborne toxicity of DCOIT on marine invertebrates (i.e., survival of brine shrimp Artemia sp., larval development of the sea urchin Echinometra lucunter and the mussel Perna perna), as well as DCOIT-spiked-sediment toxicity on the fecundity rate of the copepod Nitrocra sp. And the mortality of the amphipod Tiburonella viscana. The data outcomes were used to calculate environmental hazards and risks, which were compared to their corresponding values obtained from temperate regions. Waterborne toxicity can be summarized as follows: Artemia sp. (LC50–48h = 163 (135–169) μg/L), E. lucunter (EC50–36h = 33.9 (17–65) μg/L), and P. perna (EC50–48h = 8.3 (7–9) μg/L). For whole-sediment toxicity, metrics were calculated for T. viscana (LC50-10d = 0.5 (0.1–2.6) μg/g) and Nitrocra sp, (EC50-10d = 200 (10–480) μg/kg). The DCOIT hazard was assessed for both tropical and non-tropical pelagic organisms. The predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) for tropical species (0.19 μg/L) was 1.7-fold lower than that for non-tropical organisms (0.34 μg/L). In whole-sediment exposures, DCOIT presented a PNEC of 0.97 μg/kg, and the risk quotients (RQs) were >1 for areas with constant input of DCOIT such as ports ship/boatyards, marinas, and maritime traffic zones of Korea, Japan, Spain, Malaysia, Indonesia, Vietnam, and Brazil. The presented data are important for supporting the establishment of policies and regulations for booster biocides worldwide.
- ItemEmbargoUnraveling sources of hydrocarbons in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of protection in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, Brazil(Elsevier Ltd. All, 2023-09-22) Martins, César de Castro; Moreira, Lucas Buruaem [UNIFESP]; Sutilli, Marina; SISC7019 , Group; Abessa, Denis Moledo de Souza; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6885920219067791; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8251258719894689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1406741249739180; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2842419319556542; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Sedimentary aliphatic hydrocarbons and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were studied in subtropical estuaries with distinct degrees of legal protection, located in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean, São Paulo State, Brazil. A multivariate approach was adopted, using the Hierarchical cluster analysis followed by the Principal Matrix Factorization analysis to support the hydrocarbons sources findings using diagnostic ratios. In general, the sites with the highest values of hydrocarbons were in the vicinity of well-urbanized cities, where sewage discharge, harbor and industrial activities take place. Pyrolitic PAHs were the predominant source of PAHs in the sites. The region can be considered not highly contaminated by hydrocarbons; however, specific sites under local anthropogenic impact from sewage and/or urban drainage, presented relatively high hydrocarbons levels. These findings highlight the importance of sources identification as reliable approach to be included in the management plan of protected areas under the inputs of several vectors of contamination.