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    Avaliação da qualidade nutricional de planos dietéticos para perda de peso publicados em revistas não científicas voltadas para o público feminino no primeiro semestre de 2014
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-10-31) Martininghi, Mayara [UNIFESP]; Silva, Edina Mariko Koga da Silva [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: emotional and genetic factors associated with the increase in global energy consumption and sedentary behavior make overweight and obesity examples of the main current public health problems worldwide. They are also related to an increase in chronic diseases (NCDs) and mortality rates. In Brazil, the prevalence of overweight and obesity is 50.8% and 17.5%, respectively. As well as the increase in the prevalence of obesity there is an increase in the "cult of the body" and the multiplication of popular diet plans that promise quick and easy loss of weight. Most of these plans do not correspond to the fundamental principle of change and practice of healthy eating habits, being effective only in the short run and having questionable nutritional quality. In Brazil, non scientific magazines play an important role in the providing information on topics such as food, nutrition, health and desirable physical condition. Women in particular are encouraged to lose weight, whether necessary or not, being much more motivated by fashion than by awareness of the risks that overweight and obesity bring to health. Developing interventions for the pursuit of healthy eating habits is a complex process and due to considering different variables for the individual, it should be individualized. Due to ubiquitous diet plans served weekly and monthly by non scientific magazines all over Brazil, it is important to evaluate the quality of these plans in different aspects, in order to provide people with guidance, especially women, about the quality of the information disseminated, in order to maintain their quality of life and health. Objective: To evaluate the quality of diet plans for weight loss published in non scientific national magazines aimed at women. Methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study. One hundred thirty-six issues of six non scientific magazines aimed at female readers, published in the first half of 2014, were selected. Recognized by often displaying diet plans calls for weight loss in their covers. At this step, data from Mídia Dados 2014 and Associação Nacional de Editores de Revista (ANER) [National Association of Magazine Editors] have been used. Forty-one issues were excluded and 95 analyzed. The calculation of the total calorie content and nutritional composition of the diet plans of each issue included was performed by a second researcher through DIETPRÓ PROFISSIONAL software, with the help of the data bank of the AVANUTRI software and the Brazilian Table of Food Composition (TACO). Quantitative analysis of the adequacy of diet plans was made by comparing the values of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, saturated fatty acids, fiber, Calcium, Iron, Sodium and vitamin C, found after calculating those with nutritional recommendations of the World Health Organization (WHO) and the Dietary Reference Intakes for females aged 19-50 years. It was checked if there were, in any of the pages which contained diet plans and information related to these, instructions for the total energy value of the proposed diet plan, appropriate daily water consumption, practice of physical activity concomitant with the adoption of a proposed diet plan and a qualified professional responsible for the plan and further information therein. Furthermore, after the calculation of the total energy of diet plans which provided those values, the consistency of all the information provided was verified, being deemed as consistent, values between 90 and 110% of the specified in the proposed diet plan. The results were presented using descriptive statistics. Results: The quantitative analysis of the level of adequacy of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and saturated fatty acids, showed that 83.1% of the plans which were analyzed showed carbohydrates values below recommended, 97.8% of the plans presented values for protein above recommended, 66.3% of the plans presented suitable values for lipids according to recommended and 95.7% of the plans presented values for saturated fatty acids above recommended. In relation to fibers, calcium, iron, sodium, and vitamin C, the quantitative analysis of the level of adequacy showed that 83.1% of the plans which were analyzed showed values for fibers below recommended, 88.4% of the plans analyzed presented values for calcium below recommended, 98.9% of the analyzed plans presented values for iron below recommended, 51.5% of the plans presented appropriate values for sodium as recommended and 89.4% of the plans presented suitable values for vitamin according to recommendation. Only 30 plans analyzed specify the amount of total energy supplied therein, and among those, 53.3% presented different information after the calculation thereof. Twenty percent of the plans had no information concerning the adequate daily water consumption, 35.7% of the plans provided no information regarding the encouragement to practising of concurrent physical activity when adhering to ae proposed diet plan and 96.8% of the plans presented advice or comments by professionals. Conclusion: The results of this study strengthen the hypothesis that diet plans published in non scientific magazines are inadequate about different qualitative aspects.