Navegando por Palavras-chave "psychotic disorders"

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    Cognição social na esquizofrenia: um enfoque em habilidades teoria da mente
    (Sociedade de Psiquiatria do Rio Grande do Sul, 2009-01-01) Tonelli, Helio; Alvarez, Cristiano Estevez [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal do Paraná Instituto de Psiquiatria do Paraná; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Theory of mind is the term used to designate human abilities to infer the state of mind or intentions of others. Such abilities are part of a major group of cognitive capabilities specifically related to social behavior, known as social cognition. Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that usually consists of severe social functioning. There are many studies available on the relations between disorders of theory of mind abilities and schizophrenia symptoms. Many authors believe that schizophrenia symptoms might be directly understood by focusing on some changes in Theory of Mind abilities. Other authors claim that such changes observed in schizophrenic patients are the result of their general cognitive impairment. There are still few studies related to the impact of the use of antipsychotics on social cognition and Theory of Mind abilities, which present methodological problems.
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    Hormone profile in acute psychotic disorders: A cross-sectional comparison of serum hormone concentrations in treated and untreated male patients with schizophrenia
    (Elsevier B.V., 2006-09-01) Costa, Anna Maria Niccolai [UNIFESP]; Lima, Mauricio Silva de [UNIFESP]; Tosta, Juliana; Rodrigues Filho, Salomao; Oliveira, Irismar Reis de; Sena, Eduardo Pone de; Mari, Jair de Jesus [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Bristol Myers Squibb Co; Fed Univ Pelotas; Eli Lilly Brazil; Pax Clin Psiquiatrica; Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA)
    Background: Antipsychotic drugs for the treatment of schizophrenia provide effective treatment of psychotic symptoms but might lead to neuroendocrine abnormalities.Objective: the aim of this study was to assess hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function by comparing serum hormone profiles of newly admitted patients with psychotic disorders who were receiving antipsychotic drugs with those who were antipsychotic-drug-free during the preceding 6 months.Methods: Adult male patients admitted during a 1-year period (December 1999 to December 2000) to I of 2 Brazilian public psychiatric inpatient units that provide care for severely ill patients were eligible for this cross-sectional study if they had a diagnosis of schizophrenia based on the criteria given in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, and a score > 24 on the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. On the morning after admission, serum concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG), prolactin, free testosterone (FT), and total testosterone (TT) were determined. A commercial laboratory provided the normal serum hormone concentrations of healthy Brazilian men in the same age range as that of the study patients.Results: Sixty-three adult male patients, aged 18 to 55, were included in the study. Forty-eight (76.2%) patients (mean [SD] age, 30.6 [8.9] years) were receiving antipsychotic drugs (treated). Fifteen (23.8%) patients (mean [SD] age, 36.5 [9.8] years) were antipsychotic-drug-free for 6 months before admission (untreated). the only significant between-group difference was for disease duration (treated, 7.6 [8.1] years vs untreated, 12.3 [9.7] years; P = 0.044). Treated patients were more likely to have higher dispersed serum hormone concentrations than the untreated patients. Serum concentration of FSH was numerically higher in the treated patients than in the untreated patients, although the difference was not statistically significant. Compared with the control group (1436 men and women for prolactin; 226 men for LH; 207 for FSH; 128 for TT; 128 for FT; and 128 for SHBG), patients in the treated group had significantly different mean [SD] serum concentrations of all hormones (treated vs control: prolactin, 24.3 [23.7] mu g/L vs 6.8 [0.12] mu g/L, P < 0.001; LH, 4.9 [3.4] U/L vs 3.3 [0.13] U/L, P = 0.001; FSH, 4.4 [3.9] U/L vs 3.0 [0.06] U/L, P = 0.025; TT, 17.5 [7.8] nmol/L vs 20.1 [1.64] nmol/L, P = 0.004; FT, 0.056 [0.08] nmol/L vs 0.06 [0.003] nmol/L, P < 0.001; and SHBG, 33.3 [18.9] nmol/L vs 48.4 [1.45] nmol/L, P = 0.002). Compared with the control group, patients in the untreated group had significantly different mean (SD) serum concentrations of all hormones except FSH and TT (untreated vs control: prolactin, 19.9 [12.8] mu g/L vs 6.8 [0.12] mu g/L, P = 0.001; LH, 6.0 [1.9] U/L vs 3.3 [0.13] U/L, P = 0.002; FT, 0.08 [0.04] nmol/L vs 0.06 [0.003] nmol/L, P = 0.001; and SHBG, 26.6 [11.6] nmol/L vs 48.4 [1.45] nmol/L, P < 0.001). No differences were found between the TT distribution curve of the control group and that of the untreated patients.Conclusion: This study supports further investigation of a potential difference in the HPG axis among treated and untreated patients with schizophrenia and those who do not have that condition.
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    Qualidade de vida de cuidadores de indivíduos em um primeiro episódio psicótico
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-11-28) Jorge, Rita de Cassia Ferreira de Araujo [UNIFESP]; Chaves, Ana Cristina Chaves [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The first psychotic episode psychosis is a critical period of great suffering for the affected individuals and their caregivers. With the community-based treatment implementation worldwide, families have been the primary caregivers, taking responsibility for addressing the needs the care recipient. Quality of life among these caregivers is low in various countries and different socio-cultural systems. Quality of life is related to a person?s perceptions of their position in life, within their own cultural context, system of values, goals, expectations, standards and concerns. Understanding the impact of caring for patients with first episode psychosis means recognizing that the caregiver needs care. Such a view will be instrumental in developing future personalized interventions that will benefit the actors of this care. To our knowledge, the present is the first Brazilian study on quality of life of caregivers of individuals experiencing a first psychotic episode. Objectives: (1) Brazilian Portuguese translation and validation of the Experience Caregiving Inventory; and (2) Evaluation of the Quality of Life predictors of primary caregivers of individuals with first episodic psychosis. Two papers have been developed for the preparation of this thesis. Methods: Longitudinal study with eighty individuals experiencing first episodic psychosis and their primary caregivers, consecutively recruited from the First Episodic Psychosis Outpatient Service of the Federal University of São Paulo / UNIFESP, and followed over a year. These caregivers were directly involved in the management of patients, not paid to provide care, over eighteen years of age, and submitted to sociodemographic and economic surveys, Short-Form 36, Self-Report Questionnaire-20 and Experience of Caring Inventory at time zero and 1 year. To meet the first objective, the process of translation / adaptation of the scale followed the recommendations for semantic, idiomatic, experimental and conceptual equivalences by using backtranslation, review committee, evaluation by a committee of judges, pre-testing techniques and review of weight / value of the scores. Regarding the second objective of this study, we tested the impact of the Self-Report Questionnaire-20 and the Experience of Caring Inventory on caregiver quality of life. The first step was to determine how the variables interrelated through a bivariate correlation (sum of "Yes" of the Self Report Questionnaire-20, Experience of caring Inventory, and positive and negative scores and domains of the Short Form-36). Spearman correlation was used for non-normal distributions between variables, or Pearson's correlation when the variables showed normal distribution. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to verify the normality of distribution. Next, we extracted a single quality of life variable through principal component analysis, a statistical technique used to reduce data, thereby decreasing the complexity of the interrelations between the 8 domains of the Short Form-36 to a relatively small number of combinations. The resulting component, called "Essential Quality of Life " was used as a result of linear regression models: one with non-adjusted covariates (each covariate individually calculated) and the other with the adjusted covariate (regression of all predictors together to the extracted component of quality of life as a result). Results: (1) We obtained good internal consistency and a reliable version of the Experience of Caring Inventory. (2) The strongest predictor of caregivers? low quality of life at one-year follow-up was the high score of the Self-Report Questionnaire 20 at time zero, with worse mental health related to lower quality of life. Conclusion: The Brazilian version of the Experience of Caring Experience Inventory is a valid tool to describe the experience of caring for a family member with severe mental illness in our culture, the main advantage of this scale is that it assesses the positive and negative aspects of care. Our study supports the idea that the well-being of individuals caring for and living with a family member with first psychotic episode is affected right at the onset of the disease and that their mental health is predictor of their quality of life.