Navegando por Palavras-chave "hyperactivity disorder"

Agora exibindo 1 - 2 de 2
  • Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
    Item
    Somente Metadadados
    Neurobiological support to the diagnosis of ADHD in stimulant-naive adults: pattern recognition analyses of MRI data
    (Wiley, 2017) Chaim-Avancini, T. M.; Doshi, J.; Zanetti, M. V.; Erus, G.; Silva, M. A.; Duran, F. L. S.; Cavallet, M.; Serpa, M. H.; Caetano, S. C. [UNIFESP]; Louza, M. R.; Davatzikos, C.; Busatto, G. F.
    Objective: In adulthood, the diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) has been subject of recent controversy. We searched for a neuroanatomical signature associated with ADHD spectrum symptoms in adults by applying, for the first time, machine learning-based pattern classification methods to structural MRI and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) data obtained from stimulant-naive adults with childhood-onset ADHD and healthy controls (HC). Method: Sixty-seven ADHD patients and 66 HC underwent high-resolution T1-weighted and DTI acquisitions. A support vector machine (SVM) classifier with a non-linear kernel was applied on multimodal image features extracted on regions of interest placed across the whole brain. Results: The discrimination between a mixed-gender ADHD subgroup and individually matched HC (n = 58 each) yielded area-under-the-curve (AUC) and diagnostic accuracy (DA) values of up to 0.71% and 66% (P = 0.003) respectively. AUC and DA values increased to 0.74% and 74% (P = 0.0001) when analyses were restricted to males (52 ADHD vs. 44 HC). Conclusion: Introvert personality traits showed independent risk effects on suicidality regardless of diagnosis status. Among high risk individuals with suicidal thoughts, higher neuroticism tendency is further associated with increased risk of suicide attempt.
  • Imagem de Miniatura
    Item
    Acesso aberto (Open Access)
    A terapia cognitivo-comportamental em grupo no tratamento de transtorno de déficit de atenção/hiperatividade (TDAH)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-08-31) Scaramuzza, Luzia Flavia Coelho [UNIFESP]; Miranda, Monica Carolina [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is one of the most extensively researched non-medicaments methods of treating patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Latin America is short of scientifically sound CBT protocols to treat children and adolescents, although sorely needed for the public health service. The present study developed a group-CBT protocol to evaluate their effects in cognitive and behavioral domains and social skills. The group-CBT protocol developed consisted of 20 sessions based on six aspects: psychoeducation; parental training; organization and planning; problem solving; emotional regulation, and social skills. For the study reported in Article 1, the sample of 60 was divided in two groups of 30 children each, unimodal- medication (M10.08 ± 2.17) and multimodal - medication and CBT (M10.2 ± 1.86). All children were administered long-term methylphenidate 20 mg. Pre- and post-treatment tests covered sustained attention, working memory, social skills, behavioral scales and executive function questionnaire. There was no difference between treatment groups on cognitive and behavioral measurements. The multimodal group showed more improvement on social skills as seen in frequency indicators for empathy, assertiveness and self-control subscales and difficulty indicators for assertiveness and self-control subscales. Article 2 assessed use of the token technique over a 10-week treatment period. The behavior of the 25 multimodal group children (M10.11±1.79) was logged and problem behavior evaluated in 11 categories: inattention, impulsivity, hyperactivity, disorganization, disobeying rules or routines, poor self-care, verbal / physical aggression, intolerance of disappointment, compulsive behavior, anti-social behavior, lack of initiative. Over the 10 week period, there was a significant decline in seven categories: impulsivity, hyperactivity, disorganization, disobeying rules and routines, poor self-care, intolerance of disappointment, and antisocial behavior. The results showed that the group-CBT protocol may be used for children and adolescents with ADHD. Although evidence for effect of different treatments on cognitive measures and behavioral scales was lacking, the significant improvement found in day to day behavior showed that functional assessments are relevant for this type of study.