Navegando por Palavras-chave "adolescent behavior"
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- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Anorexia nervosa: estudo de caso com uma abordagem de sucesso(Universidade Federal Fluminense, Departamento de Psicologia, 2008-12-01) Cañete, Márcia Cecília Vianna [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Silva, Flávia Calanca da [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a severe disease of multifactorial etiology, that involves genetic predisposition, sociocultural factors, biological and psychological vulnerabilities. This article aims to analyze the kind of psychotherapeutic treatment used, in heterogenous group, without focusing on the anorexic behaviour through the description of a case of AN. We have also approached the implications of the disease in the social and family aspects, in the education and sexuality of the patient. The kind of psychotherapeutic treatment used, in heterogenous group, without focusing in the anorexic behaviour, proved effective in the adherence to treatment as well as in the evolution of the case.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Construção da resiliência na adolescência: uma abordagem bioecológica(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2014-09-23) Sakuma, Tania Higa [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This action research project aims to develop an educational proposal to build the resilience of adolescents and to promote and improve their mental health and well being, according to the multifaceted reality in Brazil. Resilience can be considered as the ability of individuals and systems (families, groups and communities) have to endure, overcome and establish superiority (strength and maturity) on the experiences of adversity. The bioecological model provides the theoretical foundation to explain the promotion of resilience from the reciprocal relationship between the individuals and the people around them, considering personal characteristics, demands of the context and the relationship between them over time. In this study, subjects are adolescents who were observed from two groups of different cultures and contexts (a group with predominance of protective factors and other with a predominance of risk factors), but also adults who are part of their ecological system. This analysis and observation of the condition of resilience and behavior patterns of adolescents resulted in the creation of educational interventions for more effective promotion of resilience, according to the particularities of each context. This educational intervention to promote resilience in adolescents was conducted through educational meetings in small groups or individually, with the approach of the coaching process with the adolescents, but also through educational meetings with parents, educators and members of their school community as a way to support and strengthen the process of building resilience. It was possible to observe that: the adolescents were interested in learning techniques to promote their resilience; there was an increase of parents and educators’ repertoire of proper educational practices; there was improvement in positive adolescent behavior; there was flexibility to adapt the educational intervention to other contexts. For future studies, it is suggested to empower educators to lead to the coaching process, as well as, to develop strategies to extend the benefits of promoting resilience through educational intervention for a larger number of adolescents.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Direitos sexuais e reprodutivos na adolescência(Associação Médica Brasileira, 2012-02-01) Moraes, Silvia Piedade de [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To present legal milestones to ensure the Brazilian adolescent autonomy indealing with their sexual and reproductive health. METHODS: Literature review of national legislation published on the official sites of governmental organs (Ministry of Health and Ministry of Education) and Class Associations (Federal Council of Medicine [Conselho Federal de Medicina - CFM] and the Federal Council of Nursing - COFEN). RESULTS: We found 8 legislations, of which 3 were from Class Associations (COFEN and CFM), one Interministerial Ordinance (Ministries of Health and Education), one Technical Note of the National STD/AIDS Program, and 3 Federal Laws. Many of the legal guarantees directly affect the adolescent population (guarantee of schooling during pregnancy and puerperal period or maternity leave, condom distribution, no discrimination in the school environment on the basis of serology). They are important tools for the preservation of sexual and reproductive rights, privacy of medical care, search for reliable health information, and access to inputs such as condoms and contraceptive methods. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the legislation listed in the present study demonstrated that these legal milestones are essential to ensure the safe and healthy experience of sexuality, and all health and education professionals involved in adolescent counseling should know them comprehensively.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosO imaginário coletivo de adolescentes mães sobre a meternidade(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2013-12-20) Goellner, Maila Beatriz [UNIFESP]; Bretas, Jose Roberto da Silva Bretas [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)A qualitative study operationalized by the premises of the Collective Imagination, which aimed to identify the collective imagination of teenage mothers about the maternity and to know the subjectivities emerging from this condition. The study was conducted with the purview of the university extension project “Corporalidade e Promoção da Saúde” (Body and Health Promotion), in two Basic Health Units located on the outskirts of the city of Embu das Artes, São Paulo. Five pairs of teenage mothers aged 15-19 years and her babies participated in this study. We utilized the Story-Drawing with Specific Theme for the data collection, which was applied at two different times during the baby’s first year of life. The data interpretation was based on Winnicott’s psychoanalytic theory, following the theoretical and methodological features proposed by the collective imagination. There are six unconscious experiential psychological fields: "the real versus ideal conflict"; "life project"; "failure of man's role in the context of motherhood"; "relationship with the family"; "the good-enough mother" and "age immaturity", which feature the design of our collective subject. We identified the need for public policies aimed at the care and supervision of teenage mothers, a space that deals with the issues of the mother universe in the adolescence, promoting health and prevention, providing the conditions for the adequate primal motherly behavior towards her baby.
- ItemSomente MetadadadosUm olhar sobre a violência sexual nas práticas educativas escolares: prevenção da violência de gênero e da violação do corpo feminino(Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-08-31) Vedovato, Marina Milhassi [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza Vitalle [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)This paper aims on gender and education subjects. The objective of this study is to evaluate educational activities with adolescents within a school setting, focused on the prevention of gender violence and related consequences, as the violation of the female body. It was used a participatory methodology based on research-action performing a qualitative and quantitative study. This study reached a population of 72 students enrolled in 6th and 7th grade in a public school located in Guaianases District, in the eastern side of the city of São Paulo. It is important to mention that the educational activities presented here were specifically developed to enable this paper and have considered social, cultural and local aspects of adolescents of the study. The Gender Stereotyping Questionnaire was used to evaluate the impact of the educational activities in making gender inequality to sound unnatural. The quantitative results have showed a relevant decrease in gender stereotypes deconstruction among the adolescents compared to the average score of the questionnaires before the intervention, where the average score reduced from 16.00 to 10.43. The Bardin content analysis method was used for processing qualitative material, which resulted in six analysis categories (1. Gender violence against teenage woman, 2. Gender and race, 3. The female body, 4. Speeches for the maintenance of gender inequalities, 5. Sex education in schools, 6. The youth protagonism towards gender equity). The analysis categories have highlighted topics that allowed us to think about guidelines for an education that gives learners appropriate tools to include gender equality content in their everyday work. This study concluded that implementing educational activities that addresses gender relations in schools is not only an important tool to prevent sexual violence against adolescent women, but is also effective on preventing homophobia, transphobia, lesbophobia, racism and so many other forms of oppression. The juvenile protagonism in confronting these kind of oppressions should be encouraged and applied at school to develop the free and critical thinking of its students. Educating for democracy and gender equality is enabling the transformation of the social world for a more egalitarian, inclusive, and with social justice life.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Tenho medo de quê?(Sociedade de Pediatria de São Paulo, 2012-01-01) Schoen, Teresa Helena [UNIFESP]; Vitalle, Maria Sylvia de Souza [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)OBJECTIVE: To determine whether male and female adolescents report currently experiencing fear and to identify their most common causes of fear. METHODS: This was a descriptive, prospective, cross-sectional study of a convenience sample, involving analysis of questionnaires administered to adolescents seen at a public university adolescent clinic between 2004 and 2006. The adolescents self-administered the Youth Self Report (YSR - a screening tool for behavioral problems) while in the waiting room. The responses to item 29, I am afraid of certain animals, situations or places other than school. (Describe) were analyzed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether age group (10-12, 13-15 or 16-19 years) and gender were associated with responses to item 29 of the YSR. RESULTS: 323 adolescents' questionnaires were analyzed, 184 (57%) of whom were female. Fear was more common among the females (p=0.009). There was a significant association between the responses to item 29 and age group. Older adolescents were more likely to check the option often true than younger adolescents (p=0.048). There were a variety of different causes of fear, but animals predominated. CONCLUSIONS: Among these adolescents, fear tended to be associated with the female gender and older age groups. Education, culture and preservation of the species may affect the degree of fear in females. In contrast with reports in the literature, in this study older students reported more fear, perhaps due to greater awareness of the emotion or due to the expectations of the age group analyzed.
- ItemAcesso aberto (Open Access)Use of psychoactive substances by adolescents: current panorama(Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2013-01-01) Lopes, Gabriel M.; Nobrega, Brunno Araujo; Del Prette, Giovana; Scivoletto, Sandra; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)Adolescence is a period of vulnerability to substance use disorders (SUDs). Epidemiological studies indicate that about 23% of Brazilian adolescents use drugs, with alcohol being the most widely consumed substance. The etiology of SUDs is complex, influenced by an interaction of genetic risk, individual development, environmental factors, context of use, and substance used. Clinicians should consider diagnostic criteria and be aware of behavioral changes that may indicate drug use and its consequences in various aspects of adolescent life. Identification and treatment of comorbid conditions is critical to the management of SUDs in this age group. Interventions should restrict access to drugs and facilitate prompt recognition of initial use, preventing progression to serious patterns of abuse or dependence. Intervention should be broad, including academic and occupational activities as well as social relationships and leisure, which are critical to the reestablishment of normal adolescent development.