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    Implicações evolutivas e ecológicas na estrutura geográfica do canto do olho-falso Hemitriccus diops (Passeriformes: Suboscine)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2018-06-27) Murcia, Adriana Carolina Acero [UNIFESP]; Amaral, Fábio Sarubbi Raposo do [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The evidence of acoustic variation among animal populations has inspired scientists to inquire about the evolutionary and ecological mechanisms that shape the divergence of songs and that have led to the emergence of barriers to gene flow and the beginning of speciation. In the Oscine passerine birds that have learned songs, the evolutionary influences of cultural drift, habitat structure and beak morphology have been inferred. However, for birds with innate songs, such as the Suboscine passerine birds, similar analyses have not yet been performed at a microevolutionary scale. The aim of this work is to evaluate the likely evolutionary and ecological processes that shape the geographic variation in songs of an endemic Atlantic Forest species, the drab-breasted bamboo tyrant (Hemitriccus diops), throughout its range. Specifically, the goals are 1) to describe the general pattern of geographic variation in the song of this species, and 2) to test the role of stochastic processes (i.e. genetic drift, the Stochastic Hypothesis) and deterministic processes (i.e. the environment, the Acoustic Adaptation Hypothesis) in the geographic variation of songs. In order to test these hypotheses, a vocal, genetic, and ecological sampling was carried out along the Atlantic Forest. Spectral and temporal acoustic measurements were made in two types of songs, in a total of 120 songs. A putatively neutral mitochondrial gene was used as a proxy for stochastic processes and climatic and vegetation cover variables were used as proxies for deterministic processes. Univariate and multivariate analyses were employed to test the acoustic adaptation and the stochastic hypotheses. The results show that H. diops present reduced geographic variation in either type of songs. Also, ecological selection seems to have had a small role in shaping the spatial variation of songs. However, genetic drift likely underlies the geographic variation in one song type along the Brazilian Atlantic forest.