Navegando por Palavras-chave "Psychoactive substances"

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    O consumo de psicoativos entre mulheres brasileiras e associações com comportamentos de riscos: dados do I e II Levantamento Nacional de Álcool e Drogas (LENAD)
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2018-12-20) Massaro, Luciana Teixeira Dos Santos [UNIFESP]; Madruga, Clarice Sandi [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0659290459957967; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7396351478592706; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Several studies point out that consumption of licit and illicit drugs is on the rise among Brazilian women, specially alcohol and amphetamine-type stimulants (ATS). This population is particularly more vulnerable, not only to the physiological effects of psychoactive substances consumption, but also to the exposure of many consumption-related risks. Objectives: This study tackles these issues, exploring the use of substances by this population and the factors associated with use via three studies described in the following scientific publications. Study 1: The study described the consumption of ATS in a national sample of the Brazilian population and investigated possible differences among gender, and associations of levels of consumption with sociodemographic factors, and with the use of other psychoactive substances. Study 2: It described and compared the alcohol consumption prevalence rates in a nationally representative sample of Brazilian women between 2006 and 2012, and analysed associations with unprotected sex, early pregnancy and abortion. Study 3: It presented the prevalence rates of rape in Brazil and investigated its associations with alcohol consumption. Method: All three studies were carried out through data analysis of two waves of the Brazilian National Alcohol and Drugs Survey (BNADS), performed in 2006 and in 2012, with nationally representative home samples of the Brazilian population, with 3,007 individuals in 2006, and 4,607 in 2012. The work investigated the consumption of licit and illicit psychotropic substances, as well as the main risk factors related to physical and mental health and risk behaviours. The three studies used different subsamples of the original sample of 7,614 individuals. Study 1: Subsample of LENAD II with 3,828 individuals, aged between 15 and 64 years old. Study 2: Subsample of 4,256 women, 14 years old and older, with 1,719 respondents of 2006, and 2,537 of 2012. Study 3: Subsample of LENAD II with 4,283 respondents, aged 14 years old and older, with 1,918 men and 2,365 women. Multivariate analyses using different weighted regression models were chosen to calculate odds (odds ratios- OR), adjusted for the associations in the three studies using Stata 13. Studies 1 and 2 presented structural equation modelling (SEM), using PROCESS (version 2.16) for SPSS (version 21.0) and MPlus (version 7.4), respectively. Results: Study 1: The prevalence rates of lifetime and last year ATS use among the general Brazilian population were 4.1% and 1.6%, respectively. Higher income individuals and users of other psychoactive substances presented higher chances of ATS use. Higher level of education was identified as a protecting factor, decreasing the chances of ATS consumption. The conditional model showed that concomitant cocaine use cancelled out that protective effect. Study 2: The prevalence rate of binge drinking among women was 35.1% and 47.1% in 2006 and 2012, respectively, a significant increase, especially among women aged 40 to 59 years old. There was no significant difference in the period in terms of the prevalence of alcohol use disorder among women in Brazil. Binge drinking (without alcohol use disorder) was found to increase the odds of unprotected sex and abortion. The path analysis showed that early pregnancy was a mediator of the relationship between alcohol consumption and abortion. Study 3: The prevalence rate of rape among the Brazilian population older than 14 years old was estimated as 2.6%, with 1.7% among men and 3.5% among women. For both sexes, the highest prevalences were concentrated among those aged between 26 and 59 years (3.3%), those with low educational levels (3.8%), and those who were single, divorced or widowed (3.1%). Among individuals who were diagnosed with alcohol use disorder, according to the DSM-5 (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders), 6% reported having been raped, as did 3.3% of those who reported binge drinking. Logistical and multivariate regression analyses showed that, for both women and men, age (those between 26 and 59 years), marital status (single), alcohol use disorder and binge drinking are factors associated with an increased probability of being raped, whereas a higher educational level (more than 9 years of schooling) was shown to be capable of reducing the odds of being raped. Conclusions: The results provide a broad view on the consumption of different substances among the Brazilian population, focusing on the exposure to the risk behaviours related to the consumption of psychoactive substances. The work explores how the consumption of substances has a negative impact on the psychosocial welfare of individuals. The knowledge of the risks associated with the researched outcomes is fundamental to the formulation of prevention strategies. The implementation of such strategies applied to substance use and violence are of crucial importance, since they can ease the problems related to this scenario, by promoting quality of life to the population, and at the same time reducing the costs of the health care system.
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    Consumo de substâncias psicoativas em uma amostra de adolescentes e sua relação com o comportamento sexual
    (Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, 2013-06-01) Miozzo, Luciane; Dalberto, Edson Ricardo; Silveira, Dartiu Xavier da [UNIFESP]; Terra, Mauro Barbosa [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre Centro de Estudos José de Barros Falcão; Secretaria de Saúde de Serafina Corrêa; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); UFCSPA Departamento de Clínica Médica
    OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the consumption of psychoactive substances and the pattern of sexual behavior in high school students in the city of Serafina Corrêa - RS, with a population of approximately 15,000 inhabitants. METHOD: The sample of this cross-sectional study consisted of all students of both sexes who were attending high school in the city. Questionnaires were used to check the socio-demographic variables, sexual behavior, and drug use. RESULTS: The sample consisted of 453 students of which 261 (57.62%) were female. The drug most often used was alcohol (82.34%), followed by tobacco (12.58%), marijuana (6.62%), and cocaine (5.30%). Regarding the sexual behavior of adolescents, it was observed that 247 (54.5%) reported having had sexual intercourse. We found an association between the adolescent having already used drugs in general (p < 0.001), alcohol (p < 0.001), or smoking (p = 0.023) and having had sexual intercourse. CONCLUSION: The study provides information on the use of drugs and characteristics of sexual behavior of adolescents of this city and may be useful for developing an intervention program to reduce risk factors for drug addiction, including education for the promotion of health.
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    Famílias afetadas pelo parente usuário problemático de substâncias psicoativas, procurando por ajuda: quem são elas?
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-08-17) Sakiyama, Helena Miyaco Takeyama [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo Ramos [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4152477223577402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5995511770107164; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Background: This study proposes to describe “Affected Family Members” (AFMs) by the “Substance Misuse Relatives”, (SMRs) in the city of São Paulo who are seeking support in Mutual Self­Help Group “Amor Exigente” and know how do they deal with addiction circunstances in the family. Method: This was a cross­sectional cohoort study of 500 families (one participant per family) applying a structured questionnaire adopted from British studies, and containing sociodemographic information, lengh of time taken to seek help, and where they sought help. Participant were recruited from the Mutual Self­Help Grupo “Amor Exigente” in the City of São Paulo, Brasil. Results: The Affected Families Members (AFM): The family members were 77% female and 23% male; most participants 63,6% were at the 45­64 age group. In total, 67.6% of the SMRs were children of the participants. Marital Status: in total, 57.5% of the participants were married in a stable union, 20.4% were divorced, 14,2% were single and 7,8% widower. Ethnic Group: 87,6 were white/caucasian, 8,2% African Brasilian, 2,8% mixted race and 1,4% Asian. The participant classification breakdown by social class was A (19.4%), B (47.8%) and C (20.6%); Admission for treatment: 72.4% of families experienced admission of their SMRs mostly in Community Therapeutics, and 72% of the families are responsible for the treatment. A range of 3,35 person live with the SMR.69% of the families had another addicted family member. Those relationships were: 38% uncle, 29% father, 27% cousins, 18% brothers, 16% grand father (mother), 10% grand father (father), 5% mothers, 6% grandmother and 1% nephews. 62% of the families didn’t know the services of CAPS AD (Centro de Atenção Psicossocial – Alcool e Drogas). 98% of the families desire total sobriety of their SMRs. Educational Level: respondents with fundamental school, 12,4%, complete secondary and incomplete higher education comprised 34.6% of the total, and those with complete higher education comprised 33.2%. The Substance misuse relatives (SMRs): 91,6% were male and 8,4% female. Age group: 7% correspond to 13 to 17 years old, 31% to 18 to 24 years old, 43% 25 to 34 years old, and 11% correspond to 35 to 44 years old . The average of age was 28,4 years old. In total, 67.6% of the SMRs were children of the participants, 11% spouse, 8,6% brothers, 4% nephew and 2,8%boy­friend or fiancée, 2% father and 4% others. On average, 2.4 substances were used, including marijuana (67.6%), cocaine (64.2%), alcohol (47.6%), and crack (38.8%). The average duration of substance abuse was 10.1 years and The average time AFM know the drug uses was 6,5 years. Crack users: 80% used marijuana, 71% used cocaine and 42% alcohol. 23% presents SMRs Psiquiatric Comorbidities: 27% depression, 21% TDHA, 16% bipolar disorder, 11% TDA, 5% anxiety. Conclusion: Families without assistance from the Public Health Authority were disoriented, suffer burden of substance use disease, and present coping styles by tolerance and covering­up of use, or withdrawal strategy denying or hiding drug use. An average of 2.6 years passes between AFMs discovering drug abuse and seeking help, and the SMRs continues to abuse drugs for 6.3 years without treatment on average. The AFMs experiences sadness, helplessness, and anguish in the face of addiction, AFMs seek help in support groups.
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    Psychoactive substances and the provision of specialized care: the case of Espirito Santo
    (Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria - ABP, 2007-12-01) Siqueira, Marluce Miguel de; Barbosa, Dulce Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo [UNIFESP]; Hopkins, Kristine; Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo Núcleo de Estudos sobre o Álcool e outras Drogas; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); University of Texas Unidade de Pesquisa em Álcool e Drogas Population Research Center
    OBJECTIVE: In this study, we conducted a survey of all the institutions that provide treatment for psychoactive substances in the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil during the period 2004-2005. METHOD: We used a snowball sampling technique to include all the treatment facilities in our State in which we employed a semi-structured interview instrument for key informants at each institution. We present descriptive results and test differences between groups using the Chi-square test. RESULTS: In Espirito Santo, 250 institutions provide treatment for psychoactive substances and are distributed as follows: governmental (17.6%), nongovernmental (22.8%), and self-help groups (59.6%). Of these 250 institutions, 85 provide direct care, with the majority found in the Central region (70.6%) and followed by the Northern (15.3%) and Southern (14.1%) regions. The majority of those that provide direct care are private nonprofit centers (16.8%) institutions with ties to religious organizations make up nearly one-third (30.6%) of direct care providers. The drugs most consumed by those seeking care are alcohol (82.4%), tobacco (81.2%) and marijuana (68.2%). The institutions generally give assistance to people in the 26-45 years age group (89.4%); with regard to gender, the institutions take care of: men (31.8%), women (5.9%), and both sexes (56.5%). The treatment models most used are psychosocial (58.8%), therapeutic community (47.1%) and biomedical (43.5%) and the work is evaluated through the team technique (72.9 %). CONCLUSIONS: In the state of Espirito Santo, indirect care services are many times greater than those that offer direct care and the majority of all services are in the Central region. The populations in the mainland have a comparative disadvantage when it comes to treatment options for psychoactive substance use. We observed that a significant number of institutions that provide drug abuse treatment have financial support from religious organizations. The Espirito Santo State survey demonstrates the necessity of a decentralized provision of specialized care for psychoactive substance users, with substantially more services directed to the Northern and Southern regions of the state. Moreover, the emphasis of these new institutions should be on outpatient care.
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    Tratamento de águas contendo fármacos psicoativos: abordagens teóricas de técnicas avançadas de remoção
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo, 2024-09-04) Silva, Yasmin Escartin da [UNIFESP]; Bresolin, Igor Tadeu Lazzarotto [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5750111176589237
    Nos últimos anos, tem-se observado um forte crescimento no consumo de fármacos psicoativos devido a alta da ansiedade e da depressão, principalmente na pandemia de Covid-19. Como consequência deste aumento tem se observado a presença destas substâncias em águas residuárias. O presente trabalho apresentou uma revisão de literatura sobre métodos avançados para a remoção de fármacos psicoativos, classificados como contaminantes emergentes, em águas residuárias. O estudo focou em técnicas de adsorção e processos oxidativos avançados (POAs), que se mostraram promissores para a degradação dessas substâncias, que não são completamente removidas pelos sistemas convencionais de tratamento de água e esgoto. Foram avaliados artigos científicos publicados sobre o tema disponíveis nas plataformas Google, Google Scholar, Periódicos CAPES, Scielo e Web of Science e repositórios nacionais a fim de selecionar as referências pertinentes. Foram apresentados dados expressivos sobre a remoção de psicofármacos de águas residuárias, explorando principalmente as técnicas de adsorção, onde se obteve até 80% de remoção de Fluoxetina em efluentes. As técnicas de oxidação avançada também mostraram eficiência significativa. Adicionalmente, foi realizado um estudo de caso que avaliou a eficiência de diferentes compósitos de Dióxido de Titânio (TiO₂) suportados por clinoptilolita, zeólita NaX e MIL-101(Fe) na adsorção e degradação fotocatalítica da Fluoxetina, com resultados promissores para o tratamento de efluentes contaminados.