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    Saúde e trabalho na bananicultura em uma região do Vale do Ribeira
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2020-01-30) Simas, José Martim Marques [UNIFESP]; Alencar, Maria do Carmo Baracho de [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Banana cultivation has undergone several transformations to meet the demands of capitalist society, in a scenario of work overload, increased use of pesticides and risks to workers' health and safety. Objective: To investigate workers' health status and understand the relationship between health and work in banana cultivation in a region of Vale da Ribeira. Methods: Quantitative and qualitative study conducted in three steps. (1) Selection of workers in banana farming linked to a SP Registry Family Health Strategy (FHS) and application of the Sociodemographic Profile, Health and Work Conditions in Banana Farming Questionnaire (SPHWC), Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) and Self-Report Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20). (2) Pulmonary function test (spirometry) with subjects from the previous stage. Data from steps 1 and 2 were analyzed using the R Development Core Team® statistical system, with a significance level of p≤0,05. (3) Individual interviews recorded and transcribed in full for thematic content analysis, with subjects who reported some health problem detected in the previous steps. Results: Participed in stage 1, 36 workers from 10 rural properties, without general size and oriented by the employer and agribusiness system (80,0%). Most individuals were male (94,4%), with a mean age of 37,4 years, married (86,1%), with up to two children (51,6%) and elementary school incomplete (50,0%). Monthly income of one to two minimum wages (71,4%), in informal employment (33,3%) and with up to 10 years of work in banana cultivation (66,7%). Musculoskeletal disorders were reported in 66,7% of individuals, mainly in the lumbar (63,9%), shoulders (47,2%) and knees (44,4%) regions. Stressful or tiring work tasks were reported mainly in cutting (64,5%), load (61,3%) and fertilization (16,1%), associated with muscle fatigue (p= 0,001) and work load from 6 to 10 hectares/worker (p= 0,026). The presence of common mental disorders (CMD) was predominant in 25,0% of the associated individuals and informally at work (p= 0,005). In stage 2, there were 30 subjects and there was a prevalence of ventilatory dysfunction in 26,7% of cases, with mild (13,3%) and moderate (10,0%) obstructive ventilatory disorders, and mild mixed ventilatory disorder (3,3%). All workers were exposed to pesticides and the higher the exposure to pesticides, the greater the presence of lung disorders. In stage 3, 11 workers participated and from the interviews there were notes about hard work and tiring, with physical overload, forced and tiring; many demands and pressures to achieve goals and maintain productivity and product quality; high turnover; work in adverse weather conditions; naturalization of hard work, pain and suffering; humiliation; fear; disrespect; repetitive strain injuries/work-related musculoskeletal disorders (RSI/WRMD); pesticide exposure and related health problems; inadequate provision and no provision of individual protection equipment (IPE); late payments and non-payment of salaries, restriction of freedom and Inadequate housing. Final Considerations: Workers changed their health status, showing musculoskeletal disorders, respiratory disorders and common mental disorders, as well as suffering and wear caused by working in poor banana growing conditions.