Navegando por Palavras-chave "Materialismo Histórico"

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    Colecionador, arte e materialismo histórico em Walter Benjamin
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2016-05-17) Rampim, Joao Felipe Lopes [UNIFESP]; Machado, Francisco de Ambrosis Pinheiro [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The aim of this work is to investigate, by the essay Eduard Fuchs, collector and historian, Walter Benjamin's conception of historical materialism towards art. On the first chapter, I trace the peculiarity that Benjamin identifies in the collector Fuchs and in his collection. At first, I approach the classicist aesthetic ideal according to Winckelmann, in order to delineate the artistic-aesthetic background with which Fuchs breaks by dealing with works of art of masses. Then I approach the conception of caricature as a non-classical artistic manifestation according to Fuchs. Thereafter I analyze the passion of the collector Fuchs for the caricature in the theorical frame of the biology, which exerted great influence in his thought. Subsequently, I deal with the non-romantic character of the collector Fuchs, and, closing the chapter, I consider his peculiarity in relating to the phenomenon of fetishism. On the second chapter, I focus on the social democratic intellectual constellation in which the historian Fuchs participated. At first, I analyze the problematic concerning the formation and the popularization of science which took place in the social democracy. Thereafter, I approach the problematic concerning the cultural history, which provided the kind of knowledge of the former problematic and influenced the historian Fuchs. Then I analyze the theoretical basis of this kind of knowledge, namely the influence of positivism. Next, I approach the influence of darwinism in social democracy. I close the second chapter with an analysis of the typical moralism of the historian Fuchs. On the third chapter, I approach the conception of the historical materialism that Benjamin delineated through the collector Fuchs and the ruptures he caused in the intellectual constellation which constituted his theoretical background. I begin with Benjamin's considerations on the historical dialectics, which introduce his essay on Fuchs. Then I attempt to show how the passionate eye of the collector Fuchs towards the works of art of his collection indicates an experience with the past and a model of analysis consonant with the materialistic dialectics. Thereafter, I approach the destructive character of Fuchs' work which relates to some pioneer knowledge that Benjamin identifies in it, and which refers to some motifs that configured Fuchs' work. Finally, I show the kinship between Fuchs' collection and the principle of montage, and how this is related to an aesthetic understanding of Benjamin's concept of History.
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    O destino dos traços visíveis do passado: o problema da produção de conhecimento no diálogo crítico de Pierre Vilar com Louis Althusser
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-05-03) Souza, Geise Targa De [UNIFESP]; Alessio, Marcia Barbosa Mansor D [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present study seeks to (re)construct the critical dialogue of Pierre Vilar with Louis Althusser, between the years 1964 and 1973 in France. Both were intellectuals who gained international projection in the 1960s and defined themselves as Marxists, however, Vilar was a historian and Althusser a philosopher. The places of production of these two intellectuals impacted on the way they understood Marxism, as well as a "dispute" on the concept of raw material, where there was no common accord. The definition of this concept produced impacts on the conception of knowledge production for each one of the authors, marking two singular forms of appropriation of Marxism and two distinct defenses on how it was possible to produce knowledge. We present this dialogue of a theoretical nature, while recognizing that it is the product of a situation profoundly influenced by the 20th Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union in 1956 and by May 1968 in France. Our research intends to be a contribution to the area of History of Historiography, as a study of the history of theoretically oriented history writing, with this, we establish that our objective refers to the discussion of concepts and theoretical or methodological formulations that were put by the two authors. In highlighting his position on this subject, of fundamental importance still today, we have recovered not only a very important period in the history of historiography, but also recognize the position of these two authors in the face of the problem of knowledge production and consequently of the definition of the raw material of this process.
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    A sombra de Friedrich Engels: pela reabilitação do pensamento de Karl Marx
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-12-03) Silva, Vladmir Luis Da [UNIFESP]; Freitas, Jacira De [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The present work has as main objective the research of “Marxism” as it was ideated by Friedrich Engels (1820-1895) between the years 1859 and 1895 and, whithin this theoretical system, the research of the specificity of the sphere of human sociability. We also design here the comprehension of the real significance of his political position in his final days. The accomplishment of such work will be done through internal analysis of Engels’ texts. In a relatively little known review, Engels starts the definition of the configuration of Marxism with the assertion that Marx’s working method is historical and logical. Consequently, the Marxian criticism of political economy would have a simultaneously historical and logical disposition. In line with the cientific spirit of mid-nineteenth century, Engels tried to enlarge the new theory to the area of the natural sciences. The autor was trying to lay the foundation of the existence of universal dialectical laws in the areas of nature, history and human thought, thus proclaiming the end of philosophy as a particular science of synthesis. One of Engels’ main sources in the accomplishment of this work of expansion was Hegel’s work. However, Engels supposes to be following closely the steps of his intellectual partner and implies that his work and that of his friend constitute an unity, even though composed by sistematic division of labor. In the final period of his life, the autor tried to explain to the young militants of the European left the main features of the theory under development, now named “historical materialism”. Lastly, Engels worked in a brief but controversial analysis of the prospects for the socialist revolution in the scenario of the second half of the nineteenth century. The text at issue has been edited by opportunist leaders of the German Social Democratic Party (SPD) and used in favour of a revisionist thread, which tended towards the defense of reformism.