Navegando por Palavras-chave "Marijuana"

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    Características sociodemográficas e perfis de uso de maconha entre brasileiros
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2019-09-26) Morais, Paulo Rogerio [UNIFESP]; Silveira Filho, Dartiu Xavier Da [UNIFESP]; Fidalgo, Thiago Marquês; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2125056709432095; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0876669702022083; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2440046189560841; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    To increase the knowledge concerning the sociodemographic characteristics, quality of life and mental health of people living in Brazil who use marijuana at least four timeper month.Methods: through advertisements on the Facebook virtual social network, 9499 individuals were recruited who agreed to participate in the survey and answered the questionnaires and scales arranged in online forms.After the electronic data capture and application of exclusion criteria, data adherence to normal distribution was verified with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test.Participants were then allocated into three subgroups based on their reported frequency of cannabis use: ―nonusers‖ (never used or just tried); ―Occasional users‖ (up to four times a month), ―regular users‖ (between two and three times a week) and ―frequent users‖ (four or more times a week) and descriptive measures were calculated based on these subgroups. The Cramer‘s coefficient (V) was used to verify the association between the frequency of cannabis use with categorical variables, and the Kruskal-Wallis test was used to verify the association between the frequency of cannabis use with numerical variables.To verify the factors associated with the frequency of marijuana use and to estimate the magnitudes of these associations, logistic regression analyzes were performed.A significance level of 0.05 was adopted at all analyzes.Results: the analyzed sample consisted of 7850 adults (mean ± SD of 23.9 ± 7.4 years), with predominance of frequent marijuana users (60.2%), men (70.4%), living in the South, Southeast or Midwest regions (80.3%), without children (84.0%), with some religion (62.9%), working (52.8%) and higher education (56 , 5%).Significant differences were detected between non-users and user groups concerning to sociodemographic characteristics (more women, more religious, lower proportion of paid work and higher proportion of students among non-users), involvement with other drugs (experimentation and past month use, except for opiates), quality of life (worse quality of life for non-users, except in the environmental dimension) and presence of psychiatric symptoms (higher prevalence of possible cases of anxiety and depression among non-users).Conclusion: the present study gathered information about the sociodemographic characteristics, the cannabis and other drugs use, quality of life, and mental health in a sample of heavy cannabis users. Despite the limitations that are discussed, the results reveal that even a heavy pattern of cannabis use is not necessarily associated with lower quality xviii of life or with the presence of psychiatric symptoms when compared to nonusers. Studies with more robust designs are needed to better understand the relationship between frequent cannabis use with the quality of life and the mental health of Brazilian adults.
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    Explorando o efeito da terapia familiar sobre o padrão de uso de cannabis: uma análise de escopo
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2021) Aguiar, Bruna Monteiro [UNIFESP]; Fidalgo, Thiago Marques [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo
    Cannabis use disorder (CUD) is a chronic disease that might initiate during late childhood or early adolescent age, and that typically does not receive treatment until adulthood. As with other substances, the diagnosis of addiction involves the significant insertion of the substance into a patient's life, with clinically significant impairment of functionality in several areas. Among adolescents, CUD may manifest itself as an impairment in school performance, peer and family relationships, as well as basic emotional, cognitive, and psychological functioning. In view of the possible therapeutic approaches, recent studies show benefits of different types of family therapy in adolescent cannabis users. The objective of this dissertation is to review the literature in search of studies that correlate family therapy approaches such as Multifamily Educational Intervention (MEI), Multidimensional Family Therapy (MDFT), Family Functional Therapy (FFT), Family Support Network (FSN), Brief Strategic Family Therapy (BSFT), and cannabis use among adolescents. Research studies that found a correlation between these two factors were reviewed. From this survey, 663 papers were identified, of which, after reading their titles and abstracts, 564 were excluded. The remaining 99 articles were reviewed and 80 of them were excluded, resulting in 19 articles that were included in the review. The results of the review suggest that different family therapy approaches may help to reduce cannabis use among adolescents. The different modalities of family therapy can also prevent possible relapses, since they address essential themes for the development of good parenting practices and family functioning, reaching all members of the family.
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    Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a simple tool for detecting executive deficits in chronic cannabis users
    (Taylor & Francis Inc, 2011-01-01) Fontes, Maria Alice [UNIFESP]; Bolla, Karen I.; Cunha, Paulo Jannuzzi; Almeida, Priscila Previato [UNIFESP]; Jungerman, Flavia [UNIFESP]; Laranjeira, Ronaldo Ramos [UNIFESP]; Bressan, Rodrigo A. [UNIFESP]; Lacerda, Acioly L. T. [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP); Johns Hopkins Univ; Universidade de São Paulo (USP); Inst Sinapse Neurociencias Clin; Ctr Pesquisa & Ensaios Clin Sinapse Bairral
    Background: Cannabis is the most used illicit drug in the world, and its use has been associated with prefrontal cortex (PFC) dysfunction, including deficits in executive functions (EF). Considering that EF may influence treatment outcome, it would be interesting to have a brief neuropsychological battery to assess EF in chronic cannabis users (CCU). in the present study, the Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB), a brief, easy to use neuropsychological instrument aimed to evaluate EF, was used to evaluate cognitive functioning of CCU. Methods: We evaluated 107 abstinent CCU with the FAB and compared with 44 controls matched for age, estimated IQ, and years of education. Results: CCU performed poorly as compared to controls (FAB total score = 16.53 vs. 17.09, p .05). CCU had also a poor performance in the Motor Programming subtest (2.47 vs. 2.73, p .05). Conclusion: This study examined effects of cannabis in executive functioning and showed evidence that the FAB is sensitive to detect EF deficits in early abstinent chronic cannabis users. Clinical significance of these findings remains to be investigated in further longitudinal studies. FAB may be useful as a screening instrument to evaluate the necessity for a complete neuropsychological assessment in this population.
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    Trends in drug use among students in Brazil: analysis of four surveys in 1987, 1989, 1993 and 1997
    (Associação Brasileira de Divulgação Científica, 2004-04-01) Galduróz, José Carlos Fernandes [UNIFESP]; Noto, Ana Regina [UNIFESP]; Nappo, Solange Aparecida [UNIFESP]; Carlini, Elisaldo Araujo [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    The consumption of psychotropic drugs among Brazilian secondary school students was examined by comparing data from four surveys using a questionnaire adapted from the WHO's Program on Research and Reporting on the Epidemiology of Drug Dependence. Students filled out the form in their classrooms without the presence of teachers. The target population consisted of 10-18-year-old students (on average, 15,000 students responded to each survey) in Brazil's ten largest state capitals: Belém, Belo Horizonte, Brasília, Curitiba, Fortaleza, Porto Alegre, Recife, Rio de Janeiro, Salvador, and São Paulo. Among the legal drugs, lifetime use (use at least once during life) of tobacco was increased in seven cities (the exceptions were Brasília, Porto Alegre and Rio de Janeiro). There was also a significant increase in frequent use of alcohol (six times or more per month) in 6 of the cities, from an average of 9.2% in 1987 to 15.0% in 1997. With respect to illegal drugs, there was a significant increase in lifetime use of marijuana (a 3-fold increase from 2.8% in 1987 to 7.6% in 1997). Cocaine use increased 4-fold over the survey period (0.5% in 1987 to 2.0% in 1997). Lifetime use of cocaine significantly increased in eight capitals (except Recife and Rio de Janeiro). However, frequent cocaine use increased in only three capitals (Belém, Fortaleza and Porto Alegre), from an average of 1.0% in 1987 to 3.6% in 1997. Lifetime use of medications such as anxiolytics and amphetamines increased 2-fold on average over the survey period. Comparing the four studies, the main conclusion is that there were significant increases in the frequencies for lifetime use, frequent use and heavy use of many drugs.