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    Determinação De Multielementos Por Espectrometria De Emissão Óptica Com Plasma Indutivamente Acoplado (Icp- Oes) Em Animais Com Injúria Renal Aguda Induzida Por Gentamicina
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2017-11-30) Silva, Regiane Marinho Da [UNIFESP]; Marumo, Maria Helena Bellini [UNIFESP]; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Introduction: Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a serious public health problem that strikes thousands of people around the world. AKI is characterized by an abrupt decrease in renal function, which is maintained for variable periods, resulting in the inability of the kidneys to exert their basic functions of excretion, thereby compromising the maintenance of the body's hydroelectrolytic homeostasis. During the last decades, great advances in analytical methodology have provided increasingly sensitive techniques for researching elements in man, thus allowing a new vision to be formed about the function of these elements in the human body. Much interest has been focused on the performance of these elements in serum or plasma levels in healthy and diseased organisms in order to correlate their presence and quantity with known pathologies, such as renal diseases. In the future, the use of biomarkers may be useful in the diagnosis of renal dysfunction even before the development of clinical and / or laboratory abnormalities. Animal models of AKI are fundamental for understanding the pathophysiology, development of new treatments and discovery of biomarkers. In this work, we used the AKI model induced by GM. Objective: To evaluate the potential of plasma and urinary essential elements as AKI biomarkers induced by GM. Materials and Methods: Five groups of male Wistar rats (n = 6) were used: 1- Control; 2 - induction of AKI (60 mg / kg / day) for 6 days; 3 - induction of AKI (60 mg / kg / day) for 7 days; 4 - spontaneous reversal 26 days; and 5 - spontaneous reversal 27 days after the last day of treatment. The animals were kept in metabolic cages within 24 hours for urine collection. At the time of euthanasia, kidneys and blood were collected. Renal function analysis was performed by creatinine, urea, proteinuria and Creatinine Clearance. The kidneys were removed for histopathological study. Multielement analysis was performed on the inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) apparatus in serum and urine samples. Results: Based on the results obtained during the standardization period, we chose to continue the experiments only with the animals of groups G0, G7 and G27, which corresponded to the objectives of inducing AKI with spontaneous reversion. Treatment with GM did not alter the urinary flow of G7 animals (8.42 ± 0.66 mL / 24h) when compared to the G0 group (8.29 ± 0.31 mL / 24h). Serum creatinine and urea concentrations of animals in the G7 group increased (3.97 ± 0.84 mg / dL and 260.4 ± 42.30 mg / dL, respectively) when compared to the G0 (0, 60 ± 0.02 mg / dL and 40.83 ± 1.32 mg / dL, respectively). At the same time, the urinary creatinine and urea concentrations in the G7 group decreased (2.93 ± 0.44 mg / 24h and 170.5 ± 52.90 mg / 24h, respectively) when compared to G0 (7,08 ± 0.12 mg / 24h and 516.6 ± 18.2 mg / 24h, respectively). The fact that the antibiotic promoted a significant increase in the excretion of protein in the urine of group G7 animals (62.56 ± 10.88, mg / 24h) can be taken into consideration when compared with the rats of group G0 (4.92 ± 0.33, mg / 24h). Simultaneously, GM promoted a significant decrease of RFG in animals of the G7 groups (0.09 ± 0.04, mg / min) when compared to G0 group (2.01 ± 0.17, mg / min). After 20 days of treatment completion, all the parameters analyzed returned to baseline levels. The histopathological analyzes of the group G7 animals showed morphological alterations of NTA. The results indicated that mineral elements such as Al, K, Mn, Na, P and Zn may possibly be bioindicators of AKI in serum samples. Analyzes of Al, Ca and Cr concentrations indicate that these elements may be early AKI bioindicators in urine samples from rats with this pathology.