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    Efeitos comparativos de diferentes protocolos de treinamento físico na massa muscular esquelética de ratos diabéticos: natação e esteira rolante
    (Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2015-03-13) Moura, Elizabeth de Orleans Carvalho de [UNIFESP]; Medeiros, Alessandra [UNIFESP]; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0071198026371230; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7179837567280020; Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
    Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome which may affect many organs and systems. Regular physical exercise is associated with attenuation of diabetes complications in people with type 1 DM (DM1). Physical training (PT) has long been the subject of scientific research in the treatment of diabetes . However, there are still few studies comparing the different training protocols available to people with diabetes. The aim of this study was to compare the effects on the skeletal muscle of diabetic rats of aerobic TF performed with the aerobic swimming to TF effects performed on a treadmill. Thus, 42 male Wistar rats were randomized into 4 groups diabetic control (DS), non-diabetic (CS) diabetic trained on the treadmill (DE) and diabetic trained on swimming (DN) . To induce type 1 diabetes, animals received 70 mg / kg of intravenous streptozotocin. The trained groups performed 8 weeks of TF in their respective ergometers at maximum lactate steady state intensity (MLSS). We evaluated the following data: exercise tolerance, MLSS, glycemic control and body weight, water and food intake, excretion of urine and feces, soleus and EDL muscles wet weight, muscle glycogen and the cross-sectional area of soleus and EDL muscles. Data were analyzed using one or two-way repeated way ANOVA with Bonferroni pos hoc comparisons. We found that the glycemic profile in DN group showed the smallest variation between the means throughout the experiment. Only in the last week the DE group increased average compared to DN and CS groups. Regarding body mass variation both TF protocols offered no significant differences. In relation to food and water intake, DS, DN and DE groups showed higher consumption compared to CS group. The trained groupsDN (137.16 ± 16.85) and DE (125.33 ± 21.51) showed a significant increase in water consumption during post-exercise period when compared to DS group (14.10 ± 11 16). Excretion of feces and urine were higher in DN (28.74 ± 4.98; 149.54 ± 31.02) and DE (40.85 ± 14.76; 136.44 ± 31.09) groups when compared to CS (7.45 ± 3.45; 21.9 ± 9.60) and DS (17.67 ± 4.69; 56.45 ± 19.57) groups. At maximal exercise test DE group (27.96 ± 4.53) was larger than DN (23.37 ± 5.46) although both showed higher exercise tolerance in the post-exercise period when compared to the DS group (16.05 ± 3.73). In MLSS, DE group only showed a significant increase when comparing post- versus pre-exercise. There was no statistical difference between TF protocols studied regarding wet weight of soleus and EDL. Regarding cross-sectional area of muscle fibers, only the ED group (3184.49 ± 1018.31; 1898.07 ± 481.54) showed higher cross-sectional area for both soleus and EDL muscles when compared to all CS groups (1039.35 ± 168.98; 819.65 ± 130.15), DS (689.62 ± 54.82; 504.19 ± 174.49) and DN (1110.99 ± 221.27; 702.56 ± 149.19). However, analysis of muscle glycogen in EDL showed that DN and DE groups (1277.0 ± 365.55; 1001.2 ± 288.25) had higher concentrations compared to CS and DS (647.9 ± 150.72; 20.9 ± 83.86), DN being greater than DE. For muscle glycogen of soleus muscle, there was statistical diference (p?0.05) between all groups, being DN and DE groups (813.5 ± 350.65; 696.4 ± 148.05) higher than DS (257.2 ± 95.78).Only DN was higher than CS (452.2 ± 178.94) For soleus muscle, we found a statistical difference between all groups (p = 0.05) Thus, our data suggests that both aerobic TF protocols in animals with DM1offered benefits in aspects such as reduced variation of blood glucose levels, improved resistance to physical exertion, increased cross-sectional area, increase in muscle glycogen concentration and an improvement in MLSS when compared to control animals. Regarding the variables glycemic profile, maximal exercise test, cross-sectional area and MLSS was possible to visualize difference between DN and DE groups. The glycemic profile of DN group showed a small variation between the measurements concerning the trial period although no statistical difference was found. At maximal exercise test DE group animals showed better performance and higher cross-sectional area when compared to DN group. MLSS in the DE group showed improvement in the first half of TF protocol, which can suggest that training on the treadmill was more effective.