Income inequality and mental illness-related morbidity and resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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dc.citation.issue7]
dc.citation.volume4]
dc.contributor.authorRibeiro, Wagner Silva
dc.contributor.authorBauer, Annette
dc.contributor.authorRezende Andrade, Mario Cesar [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorYork-Smith, Marianna
dc.contributor.authorPan, Pedro Mario [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorPingani, Luca
dc.contributor.authorKnapp, Martin
dc.contributor.authorFreire Coutinho, Evandro Silva
dc.contributor.authorEvans-Lacko, Sara
dc.coverageOxford
dc.date.accessioned2020-06-26T16:30:33Z
dc.date.available2020-06-26T16:30:33Z
dc.date.issued2017
dc.description.abstractBackground Studies of the association between income inequality and mental health have shown mixed results, probably due to methodological heterogeneity. By dealing with such heterogeneity through a systematic review and meta-analysis, we examine the association between income inequality, mental health problems, use of mental health services, and resilience (defined as the ability to cope with adversity). Methods We searched the Global Health, PsychARTICLES, PsycINFO, Social Policy and Practice, Embase and MEDLINE databases up to July 6, 2016, for quantitative studies of the association of income inequality with prevalence or incidence of mental disorders or mental health problems, use of mental health services, and resilience. Eligible studies used standardised instruments at the individual level, and income inequality at the aggregated, contextual, and ecological level. We extracted study characteristics, sampling, exposure, outcomes, statistical modelling, and parameters from articles. Because several studies did not provide enough statistical information to be included in a meta-analysis, we did a narrative synthesis to summarise results with studies categorised as showing either a positive association, mixed results, or no association. The primary outcome in the random-effects meta-analysis was mental health-related morbidity, defined as the prevalence or incidence of any mental health problem. This study is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016036377. Findings Our search identified 15 615 non-duplicate references, of which 113 were deemed potentially relevant and were assessed for eligibility, leading to the inclusion of 27 studies in the qualitative synthesis. Nine articles found a positive association between income inequality and the prevalence or incidence of mental health problemsen
dc.description.abstractten articles found mixed results, with positive association in some subgroups and non-significant or negative association in other subgroupsen
dc.description.abstractand eight articles found no association between income inequality and mental health problems. Of the nine articles included in our meta-analysis, one reported a positive association between income inequality and mental health problems, six reported mixed results, and two reported no association. Pooled Cohen's d effect sizes for the association between income inequality and any mental disorder or mental health problems were 0.06 (95% CI 0.01-0.11) for any mental disorder, and 0.12 (0.05-0.20) for depressive disorders. Our meta-regression analysis showed that none of the factors considered (sample size, contextual level at which income inequality was assessed, quality assessment, type of instruments, and individual income as control variable) explained heterogeneity between studies (I-2 89.3%en
dc.description.abstractp<0.0001). Only one study investigated the association between income inequality and resilienceen
dc.description.abstractit found greater income inequality was associated with higher prevalence of depression only among individuals with low income. The only study of the role of income inequality as a determinant of the use of mental health services reported no association. Interpretation Income inequality negatively affects mental health but the effect sizes are small and there is marked heterogeneity among studies. If this association is causal and growing income inequality does lead to an increase in the prevalence of mental health problems, then its reduction could result in a significant improvement in population wellbeing.en
dc.description.affiliationLondon Sch Econ & Polit Sci, Personal Social Serv Res Unity, London WC2A 2AE, England
dc.description.affiliationUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv East London, London, England
dc.description.affiliationUniv Modena & Reggio Emilia, Modena, MO, Italy
dc.description.affiliationFundacao Oswaldo Cruz, Escola Nacl Saude Publ, Rio De Janeiro, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnifespUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Psiquiatria, Sao Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.sourceWeb of Science
dc.description.sponsorshipEuropean Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme
dc.description.sponsorshipBrazilian National Council for Scientific and Technologic Development (CNPq)
dc.description.sponsorshipIDEuropean Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme: 337673
dc.description.sponsorshipIDCNPq
dc.format.extent554-562
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30159-1]
dc.identifier.citationLancet Psychiatry. Oxford, v. 4, n. 7, p. 554-562, 2017.
dc.identifier.doi10.1016/S2215-0366(17)30159-1
dc.identifier.issn2215-0374
dc.identifier.urihttps://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/53613
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000404048800027
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherElsevier Sci Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofLancet Psychiatry
dc.rightsACESSO RESTRITO
dc.titleIncome inequality and mental illness-related morbidity and resilience: a systematic review and meta-analysisen
dc.typeArtigo
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