Assessing the water quality of a subtropical estuary after a major fire and the use of large amounts of Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs)
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2023
Autores
Moreira, Lucas Buruaem 
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In April 2015, a major chemical fire, followed by the massive use of aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs), occurred at a petrochemical terminal at the Port of Santos (Southeast Brazil). At least 62,000 L of AFFFs from eight brands were mixed with estuarine waters and used to control the fire, causing the release of large amounts of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) into the Santos Estuarine System (SES). Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), included in the global treaty of the Stockholm Convention, have been detected in AFFFs. The resulting effluent that drained into the estuary was toxic to marine invertebrates, producing adverse effects on marine invertebrates at a 0.01% dilution, much lower than that recommended by AFFFs manufacturers. According to the hydrodynamic model applied, the leaked material spread across the SES by tidal currents and was dispersed in the following weeks. The toxicity of estuarine waters was monitored for up to one year after the event, and adverse effects on different invertebrate species were observed in a spacetemporal variable form. The results showed that the fire caused the degradation of estuarine waters in the SES, but other pollution sources also contributed to water toxicity.
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ABESSA, Denis Moledo de Souza, MARANHO, Luciane Alves, MOREIRA, Lucas Buruaem, FONTES, Roberto Fioravanti Carelli, OLIVEIRA, Lauriney Gomes de, CARVALHO, Maysa Ueda de, RATZKA, Ana Julieta. 2023. Assessing the water quality of a subtropical estuary after a major fire and the use of large amounts of Aqueous Film Forming Foams (AFFFs). In: Justin A. Daniels. (Org.). Advances in Environmental Research, v. 97. Hauppauge, Nova York.: Nova Science Publishers, Inc., p. 103-135.