Assessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycle

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dc.contributor.authorNavarrete, Maria Alicia H [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorMaier, Carolina M.
dc.contributor.authorFalzoni, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorQuadros, Luiz Gerk de Azevedo [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorLima, Geraldo R. [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorBaracat, Edmund Chada [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorNazario, Afonso CP [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
dc.contributor.institutionStanford Univ
dc.contributor.institutionAPC Pathol
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-24T12:37:32Z
dc.date.available2016-01-24T12:37:32Z
dc.date.issued2005-01-01
dc.description.abstractIntroduction During the menstrual cycle, the mammary gland goes through sequential waves of proliferation and apoptosis. in mammary epithelial cells, hormonal and non-hormonal factors regulate apoptosis. To determine the cyclical effects of gonadal steroids on breast homeostasis, we evaluated the apoptotic index ( AI) determined by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end labeling ( TUNEL) staining in human mammary epithelial cells during the spontaneous menstrual cycle and correlated it with cellular proliferation as determined by the expression of Ki-67 during the same period.Methods Normal breast tissue samples were obtained from 42 randomly selected patients in the proliferative ( n = 21) and luteal ( n = 21) phases. Menstrual cycle phase characterization was based on the date of the last and subsequent menses, and on progesterone serum levels obtained at the time of biopsy.Results the proliferation index ( PI), defined as the number of Ki-67-positive nuclei per 1,000 epithelial cells, was significantly larger in the luteal phase (30.46) than in the follicular phase (13.45; P = 0.0033). the AI was defined as the number of TUNEL-positive cells per 1,000 epithelial cells. the average AI values in both phases of the menstrual cycle were not statistically significant ( P = 0.21). However, the cell renewal index ( CRI = PI/AI) was significantly higher in the luteal phase ( P = 0.033). A significant cyclical variation of PI, AI and CRI was observed. PI and AI peaks occurred on about the 24th day of the menstrual cycle, whereas the CRI reached higher values on the 28th day.Conclusions We conclude that proliferative activity is dependent mainly on hormonal fluctuations, whereas apoptotic activity is probably regulated by hormonal and non-hormonal factors.en
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Gyneol, Mastol Div, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationStanford Univ, Sch Med, Dept Neurosurg, Stanford, CA 94305 USA
dc.description.affiliationAPC Pathol, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnifespUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, Dept Gyneol, Mastol Div, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.sourceWeb of Science
dc.format.extentR306-R313
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bcr994
dc.identifier.citationBreast Cancer Research. London: Biomed Central Ltd, v. 7, n. 3, p. R306-R313, 2005.
dc.identifier.doi10.1186/bcr994
dc.identifier.fileWOS000229844100012.pdf
dc.identifier.issn1465-5411
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/28066
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000229844100012
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherBiomed Central Ltd
dc.relation.ispartofBreast Cancer Research
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subjectapoptosisen
dc.subjectKi-67en
dc.subjectmammary glanden
dc.subjectmenstrual cycleen
dc.subjectTdT-mediated dUTP nick end labelingen
dc.titleAssessment of the proliferative, apoptotic and cellular renovation indices of the human mammary epithelium during the follicular and luteal phases of the menstrual cycleen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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