Avaliação e análise da utilização de resíduos para produção de biocombustíveis
Arquivos
Data
2022-02-03
Autores
Carvalho, Clara Toscano de 
Orientadores
Ribeiro, Katia
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O uso desenfreado dos combustíveis fósseis e o impacto ambiental associado a este são problemas que vem sendo discutidos globalmente, assim como o crescente acúmulo de resíduos que cresce exponencialmente, dado o aumento populacional e o desenvolvimento mundial. Os biocombustíveis, por serem de fonte renovável, seu processo de produção ser mais limpo e possuírem baixa emissão de gases poluentes, surgem como uma alternativa aos combustíveis fósseis. A produção de biocombustíveis a partir de resíduos orgânicos vem sendo largamente estudada, e pode ser uma solução potencial para minimizar esses problemas. Os principais biocombustíveis, bioetanol, biogás e biodiesel, podem ser produzidos a partir de diversos tipos de resíduos orgânicos, dos quais resíduos sólidos (urbanos, agroindustriais), líquidos (esgoto, resíduos da indústria sucroalcooleira e abatedouro de animais) e, não como resíduo, a biomassa de algas. As rotas para a produção de biocombustíveis podem variar de acordo com o tipo de resíduo e de biocombustível, sendo possível seguir por diferentes rotas para a conversão da biomassa nesse tipo de energia. As matérias-primas citadas mostraram um alto potencial para a produção dos biocombustíveis, dando maior destaque para a biomassa de algas, que mostrou ter alto potencial para a produção dos três biocombustíveis citados, tendo apresentado um dos maiores rendimentos de biogás (410L de biogás/kg de sólidos voláteis), de biodiesel (99,61%) e de concentração de etanol (36,6 g/L). Além da biomassa de algas, outras biomassas apresentaram resultados muito próximos a estes, no caso do biogás, os resíduos sólidos urbanos, com rendimento de 390L de biogás/kg de sólidos voláteis, do bioetanol, a biomassa de espiga de milho (36,92g/L) e do biodiesel da borra de café, que alcançou rendimentos elevados (97,18%). Os resultados positivos alcançados nos trabalhos apontam que a utilização da biomassa proveniente de resíduos orgânicos pode ser uma oportunidade importante para viabilizar a utilização dos biocombustíveis em larga escala, visto que a produção destes ainda enfrenta a problemática da viabilidade econômica e sustentabilidade a longo prazo.
The rampant use of fossil fuels and the environmental impact associated with it are problems that are been discussed globally, as well as the crescent accumulation of waste that grows exponentially, due to population increase and the world development. Biofuels, because they are a renewable source, their production process is cleaner and have low emission of polluting gases, emerge as an alternative to fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from organic waste has been widely studied and may be a potential solution to minimize these problems. The main biofuels, bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel, can be produced from different types of organic waste, including solid (urban, agro-industrial) and liquid (sewage, sugar-alcohol industry residues and animal slaughterhouses) and, not as a residue, algal biomass. The routes to produce biofuels can vary according to the type of waste and biofuel, and it is possible to follow different routes for the conversion of biomass into this type of energy. The raw materials mentioned showed a high potential to produce biofuels, highlighting the algae biomass, which showed high potential for the production of the three mentioned biofuels, having presented one of the highest yields of biogas (410L biogas/kg volatile solids), biodiesel (99.61%) and ethanol concentration (36.6 g/L). In addition to algae biomass, other biomasses presented results very close to these, in the case of biogas, urban solid residues, with a yield of 390L biogas/kg volatile solids, bioethanol from corn cobs biomass (36 .92g/L) and biodiesel from coffee grounds, which reached high yields (97.18%). The positive results achieved in the work indicate that the use of biomass from organic waste can be an important opportunity to make the use of biofuels viable on a large scale, since their production still faces the problem of economic viability and long-term sustainability.
The rampant use of fossil fuels and the environmental impact associated with it are problems that are been discussed globally, as well as the crescent accumulation of waste that grows exponentially, due to population increase and the world development. Biofuels, because they are a renewable source, their production process is cleaner and have low emission of polluting gases, emerge as an alternative to fossil fuels. The production of biofuels from organic waste has been widely studied and may be a potential solution to minimize these problems. The main biofuels, bioethanol, biogas and biodiesel, can be produced from different types of organic waste, including solid (urban, agro-industrial) and liquid (sewage, sugar-alcohol industry residues and animal slaughterhouses) and, not as a residue, algal biomass. The routes to produce biofuels can vary according to the type of waste and biofuel, and it is possible to follow different routes for the conversion of biomass into this type of energy. The raw materials mentioned showed a high potential to produce biofuels, highlighting the algae biomass, which showed high potential for the production of the three mentioned biofuels, having presented one of the highest yields of biogas (410L biogas/kg volatile solids), biodiesel (99.61%) and ethanol concentration (36.6 g/L). In addition to algae biomass, other biomasses presented results very close to these, in the case of biogas, urban solid residues, with a yield of 390L biogas/kg volatile solids, bioethanol from corn cobs biomass (36 .92g/L) and biodiesel from coffee grounds, which reached high yields (97.18%). The positive results achieved in the work indicate that the use of biomass from organic waste can be an important opportunity to make the use of biofuels viable on a large scale, since their production still faces the problem of economic viability and long-term sustainability.