Direitos Humanos em Xeque: os desafios frente aos populismos de extrema direita a partir do bolsonarismo
Data
2021-08
Autores
Ribeiro, Júlio César Coelho 
Orientadores
Carvalho, Daniel Campos de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O presente artigo tem como proposta levantar o debate sobre os novos desafios enfrentados pela sociedade civil e pelas organizações internacionais no enfrentamento às políticas de desmonte dos direitos humanos promovidas por governos populistas de extrema direita. Para tal, trazemos o estudo de caso da experiência bolsonarista ainda em curso no Brasil, partindo de uma análise conjuntural política, econômica e social que antecede a eleição do presidente Jair Messias Bolsonaro, até a primeira metade de seu mandato. Em seguida, relacionamos o caso concreto com a perspectiva de especialistas no Direito Internacional dos Direitos Humanos. A metodologia científica consiste em fontes qualitativas e quantitativas, primárias e secundárias, aplicando o método hipotético dedutivo. Consideramos duas hipóteses para o problema exposto: a primeira hipótese nos diz que os desafios impostos nessa nova conjuntura são múltiplos e sem precedentes, tendo em vista a adesão popular massiva a retórica anti-direitos humanos; a segunda é a de que os desafios são os mesmos enfrentados desde a sua consolidação na segunda metade do século XX, considerando as diversas limitações sistêmicas existentes no direito internacional. Ao final deste estudo, identificamos que o fenômeno global do populismo neoconservador tem se mostrado um tipo singular de ameaça aos direitos universais da pessoa humana, com desafios em diferentes frentes, e que as instituições não estão equipadas suficientemente para atendê-las - portanto, a primeira hipótese se provou verdadeira.
This article aims to raise the debate on the new challenges faced by civil society and international organizations in facing the policies of dismantling human rights promoted by populist governments of the extreme right. To this end, we bring a case study of the ongoing Pocket Experience in Brazil, starting from a political, economic and social situation analysis that precedes the election of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, until the first half of his term. Then, we relate the specific case with the perspective of experts in International Human Rights Law. The scientific methodology consists of qualitative and quantitative sources, primary and secondary, applying the deductive hypothetical method. We consider two hypotheses for the problem exposed: the first hypothesis tells us that the challenges imposed in this new situation are multiple and unprecedented, given the massive popular adherence to anti-human rights rhetoric; the second is that the challenges are the same faced since its consolidation in the second half of the 20th century, considering the various systemic limitations existing in international law. At the end of this study, we identified that the global phenomenon of neoconservative populism has proved to be a unique type of threat to the universal rights of the human person, with challenges on different fronts, and that institutions are not equipped enough to respond - therefore, the first has been proven right.
This article aims to raise the debate on the new challenges faced by civil society and international organizations in facing the policies of dismantling human rights promoted by populist governments of the extreme right. To this end, we bring a case study of the ongoing Pocket Experience in Brazil, starting from a political, economic and social situation analysis that precedes the election of President Jair Messias Bolsonaro, until the first half of his term. Then, we relate the specific case with the perspective of experts in International Human Rights Law. The scientific methodology consists of qualitative and quantitative sources, primary and secondary, applying the deductive hypothetical method. We consider two hypotheses for the problem exposed: the first hypothesis tells us that the challenges imposed in this new situation are multiple and unprecedented, given the massive popular adherence to anti-human rights rhetoric; the second is that the challenges are the same faced since its consolidation in the second half of the 20th century, considering the various systemic limitations existing in international law. At the end of this study, we identified that the global phenomenon of neoconservative populism has proved to be a unique type of threat to the universal rights of the human person, with challenges on different fronts, and that institutions are not equipped enough to respond - therefore, the first has been proven right.