Efeitos subletais causados pelo metabólito da cocaína, benzoilecgonina, em ostras Crassostrea gasar
Data
2024-09-09
Autores
Parreira, Letícia Malvestio 
Orientadores
Pereira, Camilo Dias Seabra
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
As drogas ilícitas, atualmente descritas como contaminantes emergentes, apresentam uma pseudopersistência, por sua contínua introdução nos corpos d’água, representando um risco aos organismos não-alvo. A cocaína e seu principal metabólito humano, a benzoilecgonina, vêm sendo reportadas em diversas matrizes ambientais, com destaque para os ecossistemas costeiros, retratando um cenário de preocupação socioambiental. Diante desta conjuntura, o objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar os efeitos subletais causados pela benzoilecgonina no bivalve Crassostrea gasar, bem como avaliar os efeitos adversos envolvendo citogenotoxicidade e neurotoxicidade. Para avaliação dos efeitos subletais da BE, foram conduzidos ensaios semi-estáticos com exposição de sete dias, sob condições controladas em laboratório, nas concentrações 0,02; 0,2 e 2 μg.L -1. Foram realizados os biomarcadores Tempo de Retenção do Vermelho Neutro (TRCVN), atividade da Colinesterase, Peroxidação Lipídica e danos ao DNA. As análises dos biomarcadores sugerem a capacidade do principal metabólito humano da cocaína, a benzoilecgonina, em desestabilizar as membranas lisossomais em todas as concentrações após dois dias de exposição em ostras C. gasar. Apesar de não terem sido observados efeitos de peroxidação lipídica, foi observado um aumento dos efeitos citogenéticos das brânquias e glândulas digestivas em todos os tempos de exposição. Além disso, um aumento da atividade da colinesterase foi observado, sugerindo processos relacionados à necrose e/ou apoptose. Essas alterações podem fornecer um alerta sobre os riscos ambientais que este contaminante emergente pode causar a ecossistemas costeiros.
Illicit drugs, currently described as emerging contaminants, have a pseudo-persistence due to their continuous introduction into water bodies, representing a risk to non-target organisms. Cocaine and its main human metabolite, benzoylecgonine, have been reported in various environmental matrices, especially coastal ecosystems, portraying a scenario of socio-environmental concern. Given this situation, the aim of this study is to assess the sublethal effects caused by benzoylecgonine on the bivalve Crassostrea gasar, as well as to evaluate the adverse effects involving cytogenotoxicity and neurotoxicity. To assess the sublethal effects of BE, semi-static tests were conducted with seven-day exposure, under controlled laboratory conditions, at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg.L-1. The biomarkers Neutral Red Retention Time (NRRT), cholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were analyzed. The biomarker analyses suggest the ability of cocaine's main human metabolite, benzoylecgonine, to destabilize lysosomal membranes at all concentrations after two days of exposure in C. gasar oysters. Although no lipid peroxidation effects was observed, an increase in the cytogenetic effects of the gills and digestive glands was observed at all exposure times. Additionally, an increase in ChE activity was observed, suggesting necrosis and/or apoptosis processes. These alterations may provide a warning about the environmental risks that this emerging contaminant may cause to coastal ecosystems.
Illicit drugs, currently described as emerging contaminants, have a pseudo-persistence due to their continuous introduction into water bodies, representing a risk to non-target organisms. Cocaine and its main human metabolite, benzoylecgonine, have been reported in various environmental matrices, especially coastal ecosystems, portraying a scenario of socio-environmental concern. Given this situation, the aim of this study is to assess the sublethal effects caused by benzoylecgonine on the bivalve Crassostrea gasar, as well as to evaluate the adverse effects involving cytogenotoxicity and neurotoxicity. To assess the sublethal effects of BE, semi-static tests were conducted with seven-day exposure, under controlled laboratory conditions, at concentrations of 0.02, 0.2 and 2 μg.L-1. The biomarkers Neutral Red Retention Time (NRRT), cholinesterase activity, lipid peroxidation and DNA damage were analyzed. The biomarker analyses suggest the ability of cocaine's main human metabolite, benzoylecgonine, to destabilize lysosomal membranes at all concentrations after two days of exposure in C. gasar oysters. Although no lipid peroxidation effects was observed, an increase in the cytogenetic effects of the gills and digestive glands was observed at all exposure times. Additionally, an increase in ChE activity was observed, suggesting necrosis and/or apoptosis processes. These alterations may provide a warning about the environmental risks that this emerging contaminant may cause to coastal ecosystems.
Descrição
Citação
PARREIRA, Letícia Malvestio. Efeitos subletais causados pelo metabólito da cocaína, benzoilecgonina, em ostras Crassostrea gasar. 2024. 32 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Instituto do Mar, Santos, 2024.