Interações ecológicas entre Psittaciformes e plantas: mutualismo ou predação?
Data
2022-07-21
Autores
Lescano, Juliana Fernanda 
Orientadores
Püttker, Thomas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os Psittaciformes são a quarta maior ordem de aves e ocorrem, principalmente, nas
áreas tropicais e subtropicais. Esse grupo é reconhecido para ter exclusivamente
interações negativos com plantas, i.e. de predação de pré-dispersão de sementes.
Contudo essa conclusão tem sido questionada em base de observações que sugerem
que espécies dessa ordem podem apresentar interações mutualísticas com plantas,
porém, falta uma revisão sistemática das interações de Psittaciformes com plantas.
Dessa forma, o presente trabalho objetiva (1) compreender quais os tipos de
interações entre Psittaciformes e plantas são documentadas na literatura; (2) levantar
quais interações são mais ou menos comuns nas observações relatadas. Foi realizado
levantamento bibliográfico, resultando em 69 artigos, em quais foram relatadas 152
espécies de 55 gêneros dessa ordem interagindo com alguma parte de 478 espécies
de plantas pertencendo a 103 famílias, em 11 biomas diferentes. As partes das plantas
com mais interações foram frutos, sementes e flores. Como esperado, predação foi a
principal interação dos Psittaciformes (~69 % do total de interações). Porém, 31% das
interações observadas foram mutualísticas, sendo que 490 eventos de dispersão de
sementes, além de outras interações esporádicas, como polinização. Desse modo,
conclui-se que interações entre Psittaciformes e plantas não se limitam à predação e
incluem outras interações potencialmente importante para diferentes funções
ecossistêmicas. Os resultados mostraram que há uma demanda por investigar um
maior número de espécies de Psittaciformes, em específico o seu comportamento de
forrageamento e alimentação para poder entender o seu papel nos ecossistemas, e
para o desenvolvimento de estratégias de conservação efetivas.
The Psittaciformes are the fourth largest order of birds and occur mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. This group is recognized to have exclusively negative interactions with plants, i.e. pre-dispersal predation on seeds. However, this conclusion has been questioned based on observations suggesting that species of this order may have mutualistic interactions with plants, but a systematic review of Psittaciformes interactions with plants is lacking. Thus, the present work aims (1) to understand which types of interactions between Psittaciformes and plants are documented in the literature; (2) to survey which interactions are more or less common. A bibliographic review was carried out, resulting in 69 articles, in which 152 species of 55 genera of this order were reported to interact with some part of 478 plant species belonging to 103 families, in 11 different biomes. The plant parts with most interactions were fruits, seeds and flowers. As expected, predation was the main interaction of Psittaciformes (~69 % of total interactions). However, 31% of the observed interactions were mutualistic, with 490 seed dispersal events, in addition to other sporadic interactions, such as pollination. Thus, we conclude that interactions between Psittaciformes and plants are not limited to predation and include other interactions potentially important for different ecosystem functions. The results show that there is a demand for investigating a larger number of species of Psittaciformes, specifically regarding their foraging and feeding behavior, in order to understand their role in ecosystems, as well as to develop effective conservation strategies.
The Psittaciformes are the fourth largest order of birds and occur mainly in tropical and subtropical areas. This group is recognized to have exclusively negative interactions with plants, i.e. pre-dispersal predation on seeds. However, this conclusion has been questioned based on observations suggesting that species of this order may have mutualistic interactions with plants, but a systematic review of Psittaciformes interactions with plants is lacking. Thus, the present work aims (1) to understand which types of interactions between Psittaciformes and plants are documented in the literature; (2) to survey which interactions are more or less common. A bibliographic review was carried out, resulting in 69 articles, in which 152 species of 55 genera of this order were reported to interact with some part of 478 plant species belonging to 103 families, in 11 different biomes. The plant parts with most interactions were fruits, seeds and flowers. As expected, predation was the main interaction of Psittaciformes (~69 % of total interactions). However, 31% of the observed interactions were mutualistic, with 490 seed dispersal events, in addition to other sporadic interactions, such as pollination. Thus, we conclude that interactions between Psittaciformes and plants are not limited to predation and include other interactions potentially important for different ecosystem functions. The results show that there is a demand for investigating a larger number of species of Psittaciformes, specifically regarding their foraging and feeding behavior, in order to understand their role in ecosystems, as well as to develop effective conservation strategies.
Descrição
Citação
Lescano, J.F. Interações ecológicas entre Psittaciformes e plantas: mutualismo ou predação? 2010. 35 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso - Instituto de Ciências Ambientais, Químicas e Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Diadema, 2022.