Estudo de eventos de ondas de calor em Montes Claros a partir da métrica Excess Heat Factor (EHF)
Data
2024-08-11
Autores
Santos, Giovanna Mendes 
Orientadores
Rosário, Nilton Manuel Évora do
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
As ondas de calor são caracterizadas pela ocorrência sequencial de dias com temperaturas excepcionalmente elevadas. Com as mudanças climáticas, eventos de onda de calor tem se intensificado e tornado mais frequentes efeitos nocivos nos mais diversos segmentos da sociedade. Portanto, indicadores ambientais que permitam disparar alertas antecipados são cruciais para a mitigar os efeitos das ondas de calor. A métrica Excess Heat Factor (EHF) possibilita quantificar fenômenos de ondas de calor e classificá-los quanto a sua severidade (moderado, severo ou extremo). O método foi aplicado para o período de 2000 a 2016, para a cidade de Montes Claros, localizada na mesorregião Norte de Minas Gerais. A aplicação do EHF demonstrou que a maioria dos eventos de ondas de calor ocorreram nas estações primavera e verão, sendo que ao todo foram 260 dias de calor excessivo para o período analisado, com destaque para o mês de outubro que teve mais ondas de calor em quantidade (101). Os anos de 2006 e 2011 não contabilizaram nenhuma onda de calor, e o ano de 2015 contabilizou o maior número de ondas de calor da série histórica, com 97 dias de calor excessivo. As análises mostram associação entre as ondas de calor de 2015 e o fenômeno do El Niño, que tradicionalmente atua aumentando as temperaturas e diminuindo a precipitação em Montes Claros. Como consequência da estiagem e das próprias ondas de calor, verificou-se a ocorrência, em 2015, de diversos problemas relacionados à agricultura, principalmente em culturas como arroz, algodão e milho, que tiveram prejuízos em produção em razão do estresse hídrico e das altas temperaturas.
Heatwaves are an extreme climatic phenomenon characterized primarily by the occurrence of days with exceptionally high temperatures. With the advent of climate change, heatwave events tend to be intensified, potentially producing harmful effects in several sectors of society. The Excess Heat Factor (EHF) metric allows the quantification of heatwave phenomena and classifies them according to their intensity (moderate, severe, or extreme). This method was applied for the period from 2000 to 2016, for the city of Montes Claros, which is located in the northern mesoregion of Minas Gerais. The EHF calculation demonstrated that most of heatwave events occurred during the spring and summer seasons, totalizing 260 days of excessive heat, with October standing out as the month with the highest number of heatwaves. The years of 2006 and 2011 did not record any heatwaves, while 2015 accounted for our highest number of heatwaves in the historical series, with 97 days of excessive heat. Analyses show a direct relationship between the heatwaves of 2015 and the El Niño phenomenon, which acted by increasing average temperatures and decreasing precipitation in Montes Claros. As a consequence of the drought and heatwaves, various problems related to agriculture occurred in 2015, particularly in crops such as rice, cotton, and corn, which suffered production losses due to water stress and above-average temperatures.
Heatwaves are an extreme climatic phenomenon characterized primarily by the occurrence of days with exceptionally high temperatures. With the advent of climate change, heatwave events tend to be intensified, potentially producing harmful effects in several sectors of society. The Excess Heat Factor (EHF) metric allows the quantification of heatwave phenomena and classifies them according to their intensity (moderate, severe, or extreme). This method was applied for the period from 2000 to 2016, for the city of Montes Claros, which is located in the northern mesoregion of Minas Gerais. The EHF calculation demonstrated that most of heatwave events occurred during the spring and summer seasons, totalizing 260 days of excessive heat, with October standing out as the month with the highest number of heatwaves. The years of 2006 and 2011 did not record any heatwaves, while 2015 accounted for our highest number of heatwaves in the historical series, with 97 days of excessive heat. Analyses show a direct relationship between the heatwaves of 2015 and the El Niño phenomenon, which acted by increasing average temperatures and decreasing precipitation in Montes Claros. As a consequence of the drought and heatwaves, various problems related to agriculture occurred in 2015, particularly in crops such as rice, cotton, and corn, which suffered production losses due to water stress and above-average temperatures.