Integração energética do processamento a jusante de soluções aquosas de acetona-butanol-etanol a partir da fermentação ABE
Arquivos
Data
2022-12-12
Autores
Negreiro, Paula Andrade Morgado 
Orientadores
Tovar, Laura Plazas
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A via fermentativa de bactérias anaeróbias do gênero Clostridium tem como produto da fermentação solventes ABE (acetona, butanol e etanol) e ácidos orgânicos todos em soluções aquosas e em baixas concentrações. Entre esses, biobutanol é um biocombustível de alto desempenho e com diversas aplicações industriais. Desta forma, são necessárias etapas para concentrar e purificar o biobutanol, utilizando colunas de destilação e outras operações unitárias, que ocasionam levado gasto energético, que pode inviabilizar o projeto. Assim, este trabalho de conclusão de curso objetivou a síntese de sistemas de integração energética no processamento a jusante das soluções aquosas de acetona-butanol-etanol a partir da fermentação ABE. Para isto, foi necessário: (i) desenvolver o raciocínio de aplicação do método heurístico na síntese e resolução de sistemas de integração energética reconhecendo sua importância em contornar a natureza combinatória da síntese de processos; (ii) aplicar os conceitos da análise “pinch” para estabelecer o consumo mínimo de utilidades quentes e frias no processo sob estudo; e (iii) introduzir as técnicas de integração energética, visando implementar melhorias no desempenho do processo para efetuar a síntese de redes de trocadores de calor. Foram estudados duas conformações para sistema reacional da fermentação ABE e posterior recuperação de n-butanol. Após a integração, o consumo de utilidade quente nas conformação 1 e 2 diminuiu de 22,36 kW para 20,61 kW e de 52,64 kW para 42,16 kW, respectivamente. Já o consumo de água de resfriamento foi zerado. O custo de capital para conformação 1 diminuiu de US$ 7206,74 para US$ 6925,25. Enquanto isso, para a conformação 2, o custo de capital diminuiu de US$ 20239,78 para US$ 16984,35.
The fermentative pathway of anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium has as fermentation products ABE solvents (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) and organic acids in aqueous solutions and at low concentrations. Among these, biobutanol is a highperformance biofuel with several industrial applications. Thus, steps are required to concentrate and purify the biobutanol using distillation columns and other unit operations, which cause high energy expenditure and can make the project unfeasible. Thus, this work aimed to synthesize systems for energy integration in the downstream processing of aqueous acetone-butanol-ethanol solutions from ABE fermentation. For this, it was necessary: (i) to develop the reasoning for applying the heuristic method in the synthesis and resolution of energy integration systems recognizing its importance in circumventing the combinatorial nature of process synthesis; (ii) to apply the concepts of "pinch" analysis to establish the minimum consumption of hot and cold utilities in the process under study; and (iii) to introduce the energy integration techniques, aiming to implement improvements in process performance to effect the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Two conformations were studied for the ABE fermentation reaction system and subsequent n-butanol recovery. After integration, the hot utility consumption in conformation 1 and 2 decreased from 22.36 kW to 20.61 kW and from 52.64 kW to 42.16 kW, respectively. The cooling water consumption, on the other hand, was zeroed. The capital cost for forming 1 decreased from $7206.74 to $6925.25. Meanwhile, for conformation 2, the capital cost decreased from US$ 20239.78 to US$ 16984.35.
The fermentative pathway of anaerobic bacteria of the genus Clostridium has as fermentation products ABE solvents (acetone, butanol, and ethanol) and organic acids in aqueous solutions and at low concentrations. Among these, biobutanol is a highperformance biofuel with several industrial applications. Thus, steps are required to concentrate and purify the biobutanol using distillation columns and other unit operations, which cause high energy expenditure and can make the project unfeasible. Thus, this work aimed to synthesize systems for energy integration in the downstream processing of aqueous acetone-butanol-ethanol solutions from ABE fermentation. For this, it was necessary: (i) to develop the reasoning for applying the heuristic method in the synthesis and resolution of energy integration systems recognizing its importance in circumventing the combinatorial nature of process synthesis; (ii) to apply the concepts of "pinch" analysis to establish the minimum consumption of hot and cold utilities in the process under study; and (iii) to introduce the energy integration techniques, aiming to implement improvements in process performance to effect the synthesis of heat exchanger networks. Two conformations were studied for the ABE fermentation reaction system and subsequent n-butanol recovery. After integration, the hot utility consumption in conformation 1 and 2 decreased from 22.36 kW to 20.61 kW and from 52.64 kW to 42.16 kW, respectively. The cooling water consumption, on the other hand, was zeroed. The capital cost for forming 1 decreased from $7206.74 to $6925.25. Meanwhile, for conformation 2, the capital cost decreased from US$ 20239.78 to US$ 16984.35.