Simulação e avaliação de riscos quantitativos de processos na indústria de óleo e gás e definição de critérios para emergências
Data
2024-10-02
Autores
Araujo, Diego Paulino de 
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Vários setores industriais, incluindo nuclear, óleo e gás, química e bioenergia, têm sido palco de catástrofes ao longo dos anos. A importância da segurança é destacada por acidentes notáveis, como o ocorrido em Bhopal em 1984 com a Union Carbide, terminal de armazenamento de petróleo Buncefield, ocorrido em 2005 e na plataforma da estatal PEMEX no Golfo de México com ocorrência em 2023, acidentes esses ocorrido pela falta de gestão de segurança de processo e integridade dos equipamentos. Deste modo, a análise de riscos surge como uma ferramenta na indústria para identificar falhas em operações e processos que podem levar a liberações químicas acidentais, incêndios ou explosões. Desta forma, a análise de risco colabora com as organizações a tomarem decisões para melhorar a segurança e o gerenciamento dos riscos operacionais, enquanto a análise quantitativa de riscos (AQR) permite quantificar esses riscos, auxiliando na tomada de decisões para reduzi-los. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho desenvolveu e aplicou uma metodologia de AQR em um sistema de exportação de gás natural em uma instalação onshore de petróleo. Assim, hipotetizou-se 04 cenários acidentais de grande liberação de gás inflamável, sendo HA01, HA02, HA02A, H02B. O software ALOHA foi utilizado para verificar os alcances dos efeitos físicos e a vulnerabilidade dos cenários selecionados, de modo que 03 dos cenários apresentaram alcances relevantes nos entremuros da instalação. O cenário com maior alcance foi um incêndio em nuvem, com um alcance de 68,0 metros, correspondendo à hipótese acidental HA02A que envolve uma grande liberação de gás natural durante o dia, resultando em 60% de fatalidade, enquanto que para explosões, o alcance foi de 59,0 metros. Com base nos resultados foram desenvolvidos Planos Operacionais de Resposta (POR) para cenários de explosão e incêndio, tais planos embasam recursos materiais e humanos para atendimento dos respectivos sinistros, a fim de corroborar com a prontidão da mitigação dos cenários de explosão e incêndio.
Various industrial sectors, including nuclear, oil and gas, chemicals and bioenergy, have been the scene of disasters over the years. The importance of safety is highlighted by notable accidents such as the one that occurred in Bhopal in 1984 with Union Carbide, the Buncefield oil storage terminal in 2005 and the state-owned PEMEX platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 2023, accidents that occurred due to a lack of process safety management and equipment integrity. Risk analysis has thus emerged as a tool in industry to identify flaws in operations and processes that could lead to accidental chemical releases, fires or explosions. In this way, risk analysis helps organizations make decisions to improve safety and operational risk management, while quantitative risk assessment (QRA) allows these risks to be quantified, helping in decision-making to reduce them. In this context, this study developed and applied a QRA methodology to a natural gas export system in an onshore oil installation. Four accidental scenarios of a large release of flammable gas were hypothesized: HA01, HA02, HA02A and H02B. The ALOHA software was used to verify the scope of the physical effects and the vulnerability of the selected scenarios, so that 03 of the scenarios had relevant scope within the walls of the facility. The scenario with the greatest reach was a cloud fire, with a reach of 68.0 meters, corresponding to accidental hypothesis HA02A which involves a large release of natural gas during the day, resulting in a 60% fatality rate, while for explosions, the reach was 59.0 meters. Based on the results, Operational Response Plans (ORPs) were developed for explosion and fire scenarios. These plans provide the basis for material and human resources to respond to the respective incidents, in order to corroborate the readiness to mitigate explosion and fire scenarios.
Various industrial sectors, including nuclear, oil and gas, chemicals and bioenergy, have been the scene of disasters over the years. The importance of safety is highlighted by notable accidents such as the one that occurred in Bhopal in 1984 with Union Carbide, the Buncefield oil storage terminal in 2005 and the state-owned PEMEX platform in the Gulf of Mexico in 2023, accidents that occurred due to a lack of process safety management and equipment integrity. Risk analysis has thus emerged as a tool in industry to identify flaws in operations and processes that could lead to accidental chemical releases, fires or explosions. In this way, risk analysis helps organizations make decisions to improve safety and operational risk management, while quantitative risk assessment (QRA) allows these risks to be quantified, helping in decision-making to reduce them. In this context, this study developed and applied a QRA methodology to a natural gas export system in an onshore oil installation. Four accidental scenarios of a large release of flammable gas were hypothesized: HA01, HA02, HA02A and H02B. The ALOHA software was used to verify the scope of the physical effects and the vulnerability of the selected scenarios, so that 03 of the scenarios had relevant scope within the walls of the facility. The scenario with the greatest reach was a cloud fire, with a reach of 68.0 meters, corresponding to accidental hypothesis HA02A which involves a large release of natural gas during the day, resulting in a 60% fatality rate, while for explosions, the reach was 59.0 meters. Based on the results, Operational Response Plans (ORPs) were developed for explosion and fire scenarios. These plans provide the basis for material and human resources to respond to the respective incidents, in order to corroborate the readiness to mitigate explosion and fire scenarios.