Tratamento de efluente industrial gerado do processo de alquilação catalica entre o fenol e o noneno via processo de eletrocoagulação
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Data
2023-12-15
Autores
Santos, Cristiano Teixeira dos [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Concha, Viktor Oswaldo Cárdenas [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
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Resumo
As indústrias químicas e petroquímicas são reconhecidas como importantes fontes de poluição hídrica, devido aos grandes volumes de efluentes gerados durante seus processos produtivos. Esses efluentes, muitas vezes descartados diretamente no meio ambiente, contêm substâncias nocivas que podem causar danos aos ecossistemas aquáticos, incluindo a diminuição da população de organismos aquáticos devido à redução dos níveis de oxigênio na água. Neste contexto, o presente estudo teve como objetivo investigar a aplicação de uma nova rota tecnológica para o tratamento de efluentes gerados por uma empresa do setor petroquímico, visando à redução da concentração de compostos químicos presente nesse resíduo. O efluente estudado é gerado pelo processo de alquilação catalítica entre o fenol e uma olefina. O presente estudo propõe empregar o método de eletrocoagulação (EC), com o uso de eletrodos de alumínio/ferro, na remoção de contaminantes como o fenol e outros fenóis substituintes como o nonilfenol e o dinonilfenol. Estudos de fluxo descontínuos foram realizados para remover produtos químicos considerados nocivos no efluentes industriais. Fatores experimentais como densidade de corrente elétrica (DCE), distâncias entre eletrodos (DE) e durações de tratamento (DT) mostram ser variáveis importantes com impactos positivos no tratamento, principalmente na etapa de clarificação e aspecto físico do efluente, apresentando uma eficiência de 99% em turbidez e um ajuste de pH inicial de 3 para uma faixa entre 7 - 8,5. Com a combinação das variáveis DCE, DE, DT e adição de um agente oxidante, houve uma redução significativa dos fenóis pós tratamento. Os resultados apresentados por este estudo mostraram que o método EC reduziu o teor de fenóis no efluente industrial utilizado. A unidade EC em bancada diminuiu o nível de fenol em aproximadamente 40%, indicando que a eletrocoagulação pode ser uma excelente alternativa para o tratamento desse tipo de efluente. A eficiência ideal para clarificação e aspecto físico foi encontrada com DT entre 10 - 20 minutos, com um DCE entre 5,56 a 16,7 mA.cm-2 e um DE entre 0,5 - 1,5 cm. Para a remoção de fenóis a eficiência ideal foi encontrada com DT >120 minutos, com um DCE de 16,7 mA.cm-2 e um DE de 1,5 cm.
The chemical and petrochemical industries are recognized as important sources of water pollution, due to the large volumes of effluents generated during their production processes. These effluents, often discarded directly into the environment, contain harmful substances that can cause damage to aquatic ecosystems, including a decrease in the population of aquatic organisms due to reduced oxygen levels in the water. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the application of a new technological route for the treatment of effluents generated by a company in the petrochemical sector, aiming to reduce the concentration of chemical compounds present in these wastes. The effluent studied is generated by the catalytic alkylation process between phenol and an olefin. The present study proposes to employ the electrocoagulation (EC) method, with the use of aluminum/iron electrodes, to remove contaminants such as phenol and other substituent phenols such as nonylphenol and dinonylphenol. Batch flow studies were carried out to remove chemicals considered harmful in industrial effluents. Experimental factors such as electrical current density (ECD), distances between electrodes (DE) and treatment durations (TD) prove to be important variables with positive impacts on treatment, mainly in the clarification stage and physical aspect of the effluent, presenting an efficiency of 99% turbidity and an initial pH adjustment of 3 for a range between 7 - 8.5. With the combination of the variables ECD, DE, TD and the addition of an oxidizing agent, there was a significant reduction in phenols after treatment. The results presented by this study showed that the EC method reduced the phenol content in the industrial effluent used. The bench- top EC unit reduced the phenol level by approximately 40%, indicating that electrocoagulation can be an excellent alternative for treating this type of effluent. The ideal efficiency for clarification and physical appearance was found with TD between 10 - 20 minutes, with an ECD between 5.56 to 16.7 mA.cm-2 and a DE between 0.5 - 1.5 cm. For the removal of phenols, the ideal efficiency was found with TD >120 minutes, with an ECD of 16.7 mA.cm-2 and a DE of 1.5 cm.
The chemical and petrochemical industries are recognized as important sources of water pollution, due to the large volumes of effluents generated during their production processes. These effluents, often discarded directly into the environment, contain harmful substances that can cause damage to aquatic ecosystems, including a decrease in the population of aquatic organisms due to reduced oxygen levels in the water. In this context, the present study aimed to investigate the application of a new technological route for the treatment of effluents generated by a company in the petrochemical sector, aiming to reduce the concentration of chemical compounds present in these wastes. The effluent studied is generated by the catalytic alkylation process between phenol and an olefin. The present study proposes to employ the electrocoagulation (EC) method, with the use of aluminum/iron electrodes, to remove contaminants such as phenol and other substituent phenols such as nonylphenol and dinonylphenol. Batch flow studies were carried out to remove chemicals considered harmful in industrial effluents. Experimental factors such as electrical current density (ECD), distances between electrodes (DE) and treatment durations (TD) prove to be important variables with positive impacts on treatment, mainly in the clarification stage and physical aspect of the effluent, presenting an efficiency of 99% turbidity and an initial pH adjustment of 3 for a range between 7 - 8.5. With the combination of the variables ECD, DE, TD and the addition of an oxidizing agent, there was a significant reduction in phenols after treatment. The results presented by this study showed that the EC method reduced the phenol content in the industrial effluent used. The bench- top EC unit reduced the phenol level by approximately 40%, indicating that electrocoagulation can be an excellent alternative for treating this type of effluent. The ideal efficiency for clarification and physical appearance was found with TD between 10 - 20 minutes, with an ECD between 5.56 to 16.7 mA.cm-2 and a DE between 0.5 - 1.5 cm. For the removal of phenols, the ideal efficiency was found with TD >120 minutes, with an ECD of 16.7 mA.cm-2 and a DE of 1.5 cm.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Cristiano Teixeira dos. Tratamento de efluente industrial gerado do processo de alquilação catalica entre o fenol e o noneno via processo de eletrocoagulação. 2023. 126 f. Dissertação (Mestrado) - Engenharia Química, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, 2023.