Utilização do EPS em substituição aos materiais e sistemas tradicionais utilizados na construção civil: Aspectos técnicos e ambientais
Data
2023-12-06
Autores
Barros, Roberta Miranda Xavier de 
Orientadores
Quinteiro, Eduardo
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O poliestireno expandido (EPS) é um termoplástico celular rígido proveniente da polimerização do estireno em água. É um material que apresenta propriedades vantajosas para a utilização na construção civil pois possui uma ótima capacidade de isolamento acústico e térmico, além de ser leve, gerando um menor custo das fundações. Usar EPS na construção civil é simples, o que agiliza a obra. Além disso, promove a construção sustentável por ser 100% reciclável, ajudando a reduzir as emissões de CO2 e os gastos com energia e água comparado à alvenaria. Entretanto, a alvenaria tradicional com estrutura em concreto armado ainda é o sistema construtivo majoritariamente empregado nas edificações brasileiras. Portanto, este trabalho de conclusão de curso teve por objetivo realizar um estudo teórico comparativo em relação às propriedades, vantagens e desvantagens na execução da obra e no desempenho das edificações, incluindo análise de impactos ambientais. Para tanto, foi realizada uma revisão de artigos técnicos-científicos, manuais técnicos, informações disponibilizadas por fabricantes, bancos de dados de propriedades de materiais e relatos de estudos de casos. Foram encontrados relatos e casos de uso do EPS como agregado em matriz cimentícia, em painéis autoportantes, juntas de dilatação, aterro ultraleve e elementos de acabamento e decorativo. Os resultados encontrados indicam que o EPS possui forte potencial como material de construção, especialmente devido à sua leveza, resistência e excelentes propriedades isolantes. A partir das evidências encontradas, reforça-se a conclusão de que o EPS pode ser uma alternativa sustentável viável e capaz de minimizar os impactos ambientais e a redução dos custos na indústria da construção.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid cellular thermoplastic resulting from the polymerization of styrene in water. It is a material that has advantageous properties for use in civil construction as it has excellent acoustic and thermal insulation capacity, in addition to being lightweight, generating lower foundation costs. Using EPS in construction is simple, which speeds up the work. Furthermore, it promotes sustainable construction as it is 100% recyclable, helping to reduce CO2 emissions and energy and water costs compared to masonry. However, traditional masonry with a reinforced concrete structure is still the construction system mostly used in Brazilian buildings. Therefore, this course completion work aimed to carry out a comparative theoretical study in relation to the properties, advantages and disadvantages in the execution of the work and the performance of buildings, including analysis of environmental impacts. To this end, a review of technical-scientific articles, technical manuals, information made available by manufacturers, material properties databases and case study reports was carried out. Reports and cases of use of EPS as aggregate in cementitious matrix, in self-supporting panels, expansion joints, ultralight backfill and finishing and decorative elements were found. The results found indicate that EPS has strong potential as a construction material, especially due to its lightness, resistance and excellent insulating properties. Based on the evidence found, the conclusion is reinforced that EPS can be a viable sustainable alternative capable of minimizing environmental impacts and reducing costs in the construction industry.
Expanded polystyrene (EPS) is a rigid cellular thermoplastic resulting from the polymerization of styrene in water. It is a material that has advantageous properties for use in civil construction as it has excellent acoustic and thermal insulation capacity, in addition to being lightweight, generating lower foundation costs. Using EPS in construction is simple, which speeds up the work. Furthermore, it promotes sustainable construction as it is 100% recyclable, helping to reduce CO2 emissions and energy and water costs compared to masonry. However, traditional masonry with a reinforced concrete structure is still the construction system mostly used in Brazilian buildings. Therefore, this course completion work aimed to carry out a comparative theoretical study in relation to the properties, advantages and disadvantages in the execution of the work and the performance of buildings, including analysis of environmental impacts. To this end, a review of technical-scientific articles, technical manuals, information made available by manufacturers, material properties databases and case study reports was carried out. Reports and cases of use of EPS as aggregate in cementitious matrix, in self-supporting panels, expansion joints, ultralight backfill and finishing and decorative elements were found. The results found indicate that EPS has strong potential as a construction material, especially due to its lightness, resistance and excellent insulating properties. Based on the evidence found, the conclusion is reinforced that EPS can be a viable sustainable alternative capable of minimizing environmental impacts and reducing costs in the construction industry.