Potencial biossurfactante de bactérias isoladas de solos com histórico de contaminação por óleo diesel
Data
2021-08-13
Autores
Ferreira, Thais Siqueira 
Orientadores
Vasconcellos, Suzan Pantaroto de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Atualmente, a exploração industrial do petróleo bem como o uso de seus derivados vem crescendo cada vez mais devido à sua importância econômica para a sociedade. Assim, a crescente contaminação dos solos e corpos hídricos por derivados de petróleo tem sido destaque nas últimas décadas. Os biossurfactantes têm chamado a atenção nos últimos anos, devido ao seu potencial à aplicação em processos de biorremediação, são compostos tensoativos produzidos por microrganismos capazes de reduzir a tensão superficial, emulsionar líquidos imiscíveis, degradar hidrocarbonetos e aumentar a mobilidade de contaminantes. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo objetiva a obtenção Substâncias Poliméricas Extracelulares (EPS) de atividade biossurfactante a partir de bactérias isoladas de solos contaminados com óleo diesel, visando aplicação futura em biorremediação. Para isso, as amostras de solo contaminado com diesel foram diluídas e inoculadas, com os isolados obtidos foram
realizados os testes dispersão da gota, E24 e tensão superficial para avaliação do
potencial biossurfactante. Obteve-se 32 isolados bacterianos, dos quais quatro foram selecionados como produtores de EPS com potencial bio-emulsificante, sendo eles o TTC 04, TTC 12, TTC 20 e TTC 32. Para esses isolados a tensão superficial variou de 33 mN/m (TTC 32) a 43 mN/m (TTC 12). Dessa forma, foi possível selecionar os isolados TTC 32 e TTC 20 com potencial biossurfactante para remediação de sítios contaminados com hidrocarbonetos, sendo que o TTC 32 apresentou 74,24% no índice
E24 utilizando óleo de motor usado como agente apolar e reduziu a tensão superficial para 33 mN/m, enquanto o TCC 20 emulsionou o óleo de soja em 62,59% e reduziu a tensão superficial para 35 mN/m Portanto, os microrganismos selecionados produziram compostos biossurfactantes com potencial a aplicações futuras na biorremediação de áreas contaminadas com petróleo e derivados
Currently, the industrial exploration of oil, as well as the use of its derivatives, has been growing more and more due to its economic importance to society. Thus, the increasing contamination of soils and water by petroleum derivatives has been highlighted in recent decades. Biosurfactants have drawn attention in recent years, due to their potential for application in bioremediation processes, they are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms capable of reducing surface tension, emulsifying immiscible liquids, degrading hydrocarbons and increasing the mobility of contaminants. In this context, the present study aims to obtain Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) with biosurfactant activity from bacteria isolated from diesel oil contaminated soils, aiming at future application in bioremediation. For this, the samples of soil contaminated with diesel were diluted and inoculated, the isolates obtained were carried out by the drop collapse, E24 and surface tension tests to evaluate the biosurfactant potential. 32 bacterial isolates were obtained, four of which were selected as EPS producers with bio-emulsifying potential, namely TTC 04, TTC 12, TTC20 and TTC 32. For these isolates the surface tension varied from 33 mN/m (TTC 32) at 43 mN/m (TTC 12). Thus, it was possible to select the isolates TTC 32 and TTC 20 with biosurfactant potential for remediation of sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, TTC 32 showed 74.24% in the E24 index using motor oil used as a non-polar agent and reduced the surface tension to 33 mN /m, while TCC 20 emulsified the soybean oil in 62.59% and reduced the surface tension to 35 mN/m. Therefore, the selected microorganisms produced biosurfactant compounds with potential for future applications in bioremediation of areas contaminated with oil and derivatives.
Currently, the industrial exploration of oil, as well as the use of its derivatives, has been growing more and more due to its economic importance to society. Thus, the increasing contamination of soils and water by petroleum derivatives has been highlighted in recent decades. Biosurfactants have drawn attention in recent years, due to their potential for application in bioremediation processes, they are surface-active compounds produced by microorganisms capable of reducing surface tension, emulsifying immiscible liquids, degrading hydrocarbons and increasing the mobility of contaminants. In this context, the present study aims to obtain Extracellular Polymeric Substances (EPS) with biosurfactant activity from bacteria isolated from diesel oil contaminated soils, aiming at future application in bioremediation. For this, the samples of soil contaminated with diesel were diluted and inoculated, the isolates obtained were carried out by the drop collapse, E24 and surface tension tests to evaluate the biosurfactant potential. 32 bacterial isolates were obtained, four of which were selected as EPS producers with bio-emulsifying potential, namely TTC 04, TTC 12, TTC20 and TTC 32. For these isolates the surface tension varied from 33 mN/m (TTC 32) at 43 mN/m (TTC 12). Thus, it was possible to select the isolates TTC 32 and TTC 20 with biosurfactant potential for remediation of sites contaminated with hydrocarbons, TTC 32 showed 74.24% in the E24 index using motor oil used as a non-polar agent and reduced the surface tension to 33 mN /m, while TCC 20 emulsified the soybean oil in 62.59% and reduced the surface tension to 35 mN/m. Therefore, the selected microorganisms produced biosurfactant compounds with potential for future applications in bioremediation of areas contaminated with oil and derivatives.