Análise do potencial anticâncer de extratos obtidos de esponjas marinhas de Fernando de Noronha
Data
2021-03-29
Autores
Santos, Letícia Schmitz Saraiva 
Orientadores
Jimenez, Paula Christine
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A natureza vem contribuindo há tempos com recursos e inspirações para busca de compostos com funções terapêuticas. Sobretudo, o oceano tem demonstrado ser um ambiente de grande significância nestas descobertas devido à biodiversidade extremamente rica presente. As esponjas marinhas figuram entre os grupos de organismos mais estudados por seu potencial farmacológico, sendo inclusive representadas por dois dos oito medicamentos aprovados para tratamento de câncer (Ara-C e Mesilato de eribulina). Com a rica biodiversidade brasileira e a grande necessidade mundial por tratamentos anticâncer mais eficazes e com menos efeitos colaterais, o objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o potencial de extratos obtidos de esponjas marinhas coletadas no Arquipélago de Fernando de Noronha, através da avaliação da atividade citotóxica dos extratos obtidos em células tumorais em cultura. No capítulo I realizou-se um estudo bioprospectivo. Para tanto, exemplares de 47 esponjas foram coletadas no ano de 1998 em diversos locais do Arquipélago, classificadas taxonomicamente e extraídas em solvente orgânico, dando origem aos respectivos extratos brutos. Destes, 39 extratos brutos foram submetidos à avaliação qualitativa de sua citotoxicidade em duas linhagens de células tumorais humanas em cultura: HCT116 (carcinoma colorretal) e MCF-7 (adenocarcinoma mamário) pelo ensaio de MTT. Os resultados obtidos através desta triagem selecionaram, para abordagem quantitativa, as amostras com porcentagem de ao menos 75% de inibição do crescimento celular na presença de concentrações de 5 e 50 μg/mL dos extratos. Dos 39 testados contra as células HCT-116, aproximadamente 46% mostraram-se ativos, enquanto por volta de 29% dos 34 testados demonstraram resultados promissores contra MCF-7. Entre os extratos ativos, o FN98-017 obtido da espécie Ectyoplasia ferox foi considerado promissor e selecionado para prosseguir em investigação, realizado no capítulo II deste estudo. Para tanto, foi realizado o fracionamento bioguiado deste extrato, identificando a partição But P e a fração F16 como as amostras mais citotóxicas. Estas amostras ainda se apresentaram citotóxicas contra linhagens tumorais de diversas origens histológicas. Mais além, foram submetidas à verificação dos respectivos efeitos sobre a viabilidade celular e quanto à indução de alterações morfológicas, buscando gerar evidências para aprofundar o conhecimento do modo de ação destas amostras. A partir destas análises, é possível sugerir que But P e F16 são capazes de disparar o processo de apoptose celular, logo, mostram-se promissoras para estudos mais aprofundados sobre os seus efeitos anticâncer.
Nature has long been contributing resources and inspirations to search for compounds with therapeutic functions. Above all, the ocean have proved to be an environment of great significance in these discoveries due to the extremely rich biodiversity present therein. Marine sponges are among the groups of organisms most studied for their pharmacological potential and are represented by two of the eight drugs approved for the treatment of cancer (Ara-C and Eribulin mesylate). Considering the rich Brazilian biodiversity and the worldwide need for more effective anticancer treatments and with less side effects, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of extracts obtained from marine sponges collected in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, through the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the extracts obtained in tumor cells in vitro. The chapter I of this study carried out a bioprospective study. For this purpose, specimens of 47 sponges were collected in 1998 in several sites along the Archipelago, classified taxonomically and extracted in organic solvent, yielding the respective crude extracts. Of these, 39 crude extracts were subjected to qualitative evaluation of their cytotoxicity in two cultured human tumor cell lines: HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (mammary adenocarcinoma) by the MTT assay. The results obtained through this screening selected, for a quantitative approach, samples that inhibited at least 75% of cell growth at concentrations of 5 and 50 μg/mL. Of the 39 extracts tested against HCT-116 cells, approximately 46,15% were found to be active, while around 29% of the 34 tested extracts demonstrated promising results against MCF-7. Among the active extracts, the FN98-017 obtained from the species Ectyoplasia ferox was considered promising and selected for a continued investigation, carried out in chapter II of this study. For this purpose, the bioguided fractionation of this extract was carried out, identifying the But P partition and the F16 fraction as the most cytotoxic samples. These samples were also shown to be cytotoxic against tumor lines of diverse histological origins. Furthermore, they were submitted to verification of the respective effects on cell viability and as to the induction of morphological changes, seeking to generate evidence to deepen the knowledge of the mode of action of these samples. From these analyzes, it is possible to suggest that But P and F16 are capable of triggering the process of cell apoptosis, therefore, are promising for further studies on their anticancer effects.
Nature has long been contributing resources and inspirations to search for compounds with therapeutic functions. Above all, the ocean have proved to be an environment of great significance in these discoveries due to the extremely rich biodiversity present therein. Marine sponges are among the groups of organisms most studied for their pharmacological potential and are represented by two of the eight drugs approved for the treatment of cancer (Ara-C and Eribulin mesylate). Considering the rich Brazilian biodiversity and the worldwide need for more effective anticancer treatments and with less side effects, the objective of this study was to investigate the potential of extracts obtained from marine sponges collected in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, through the evaluation of the cytotoxic activity of the extracts obtained in tumor cells in vitro. The chapter I of this study carried out a bioprospective study. For this purpose, specimens of 47 sponges were collected in 1998 in several sites along the Archipelago, classified taxonomically and extracted in organic solvent, yielding the respective crude extracts. Of these, 39 crude extracts were subjected to qualitative evaluation of their cytotoxicity in two cultured human tumor cell lines: HCT-116 (colorectal carcinoma) and MCF-7 (mammary adenocarcinoma) by the MTT assay. The results obtained through this screening selected, for a quantitative approach, samples that inhibited at least 75% of cell growth at concentrations of 5 and 50 μg/mL. Of the 39 extracts tested against HCT-116 cells, approximately 46,15% were found to be active, while around 29% of the 34 tested extracts demonstrated promising results against MCF-7. Among the active extracts, the FN98-017 obtained from the species Ectyoplasia ferox was considered promising and selected for a continued investigation, carried out in chapter II of this study. For this purpose, the bioguided fractionation of this extract was carried out, identifying the But P partition and the F16 fraction as the most cytotoxic samples. These samples were also shown to be cytotoxic against tumor lines of diverse histological origins. Furthermore, they were submitted to verification of the respective effects on cell viability and as to the induction of morphological changes, seeking to generate evidence to deepen the knowledge of the mode of action of these samples. From these analyzes, it is possible to suggest that But P and F16 are capable of triggering the process of cell apoptosis, therefore, are promising for further studies on their anticancer effects.
Descrição
Citação
SANTOS, Letícia Schmitz Saraiva. Análise do Potencial Anticâncer de extratos obtidos de Esponjas Marinhas de Fernando de Noronha. 2021. 97 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Bioprodutos e Bioprocessos) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2021.