Coccidiose em bagres estuarinos bioindicadores Cathorops spixii (Siluriformes, Ariidae) do litoral Paulista, SP, Brasil
Data
2019-12-02
Autores
Ferreira, Barbara da Silva 
Orientadores
Azevedo, Juliana de Souza
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O estuário de Santos/São Vicente (SSV), localizado no litoral do estado São Paulo, sofre com as atividades antropogênicas devido a urbanização e as diversas indústrias que ali residem. Por outro lado, o Complexo estuarino-lagunar de Cananeia-Iguape (CELCI), também no litoral paulista, possui características onde o ambiente e as atividades econômicas da região visam ser sustentáveis, preservando os recursos naturais local. Sob estas perspectivas, o presente estudo tem como objetivo comparar a intensidade e padrão de infecção dos cistos de Calyptospora e parasitos vermiformes dispersos nos hepatócitos (HP) e/ou aderidos aos melanomacrófagos (MM) do tecido hepático de bagres da espécie Cathorops spixii, amplamente utilizada nos últimos anos como espécie bioindicadora de contaminação ambiental, a partir de uma avaliação temporal entre os anos de 2009 e 2014. Além disso, o grau de trofia hepática e o bem-estar dos indivíduos foram considerados, a partir da análise do índice hepatossomático (IHS) e o fator de condição de Fulton (FC), auxiliando na caracterização da qualidade dos ecossistemas estuarinos. Os cistos de Calyptospora foram identificados e quantificados através de categorias percentuais que está associada a frequência destes quando aderidos ao MM ou quando dispersos no hepatócito, bem como a quantidade de parasitos vermiformes que também foram contabilizados. De maneira geral, não foram observadas diferenças significativas quanto ao bem-estar dos peixes quanto ao estuário. Entretanto, bagres do setor mais ao norte do CELCI apresentaram menor FC, que pode estar associado a influência antropogênica na região. A frequência de parasitismo por Calyptospora foi mais significativa em SSV no ano de 2009, em que atingiu seu ápice no MM (53,1%), e a menor frequência no CELCI em 2009 (6,7%). Os bagres de SSV também apresentaram um maior valor médio de MM quando comparado aos peixes do CELCI. Portanto, a influência antrópica e estressores ambientais, como a salinidade podem facilitar a ocorrência de Calyptospora, visto que os peixes de SSV apresentaram uma maior expressão de parasitos, porém no CELCI os peixes estavam infectados por Calyptospora no HP. A presença do parasito em C. spixii e a contagem de MM pode estar atrelada a à poluição do ambiente e diferentes condições da hidroquímica, sugerindo, assim, sua eficiência como uma ferramenta para os trabalhos de biomonitoramento e diagnóstico ambiental em áreas estuarinas.
The Santos / São Vicente (SSV) estuary, located on the coast of the state of São Paulo, suffers from anthropogenic activities due to urbanization and the various industries that reside there. On the other hand, the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), also on the São Paulo coast, has characteristics where the environment and the economic activities of the region aim to be sustainable, preserving the local natural resources. From this perspective, the present study aims to compare the intensity and pattern of infection of Calyptospora cysts and vermiform parasites dispersed in hepatocytes (HP) and / or adhered to the melanomacrophages (MM) of Cathorops spixii catfish liver tissue. Lately, this specie is used as a bioindicator species of environmental contamination, from a temporal evaluation between the years 2009 and 2014. In addition, the degree of hepatic trophic and the well-being of the individuals were considered, from the analysis of the hepatosomatic index (HSI). and the Fulton condition factor (CF), helping to characterize the quality of estuarine ecosystems. Calyptospora cysts were identified and quantified by percentage categories that are associated with their frequency when adhered to MM or when dispersed in the hepatocyte, as well as the number of vermiform parasites that were also accounted for. In general, no significant differences were observed regarding fish welfare in relation to the estuary. However, catfish from the northernmost sector of CIELC showed lower HR, which may be associated with anthropogenic influence in the region. The frequency of parasitism by Calyptospora was more significant in SSV in 2009, when it reached its peak in MM (53.1%), and the lowest frequency in CIELC in 2009 (6.7%). SSV catfish also had a higher mean MM value when compared to CIELC fish. Therefore, the anthropic influence and environmental stressors such as salinity may facilitate the occurrence of Calyptospora, since SSV fish presented a higher expression of parasites, but in CIELC fish were infected by Calyptospora in HP. The presence of the parasite in C. spixii and the MM count may be related to environmental pollution and different conditions of hydrochemistry, thus suggesting its efficiency as a tool for biomonitoring and environmental diagnosis in estuarine areas.
The Santos / São Vicente (SSV) estuary, located on the coast of the state of São Paulo, suffers from anthropogenic activities due to urbanization and the various industries that reside there. On the other hand, the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), also on the São Paulo coast, has characteristics where the environment and the economic activities of the region aim to be sustainable, preserving the local natural resources. From this perspective, the present study aims to compare the intensity and pattern of infection of Calyptospora cysts and vermiform parasites dispersed in hepatocytes (HP) and / or adhered to the melanomacrophages (MM) of Cathorops spixii catfish liver tissue. Lately, this specie is used as a bioindicator species of environmental contamination, from a temporal evaluation between the years 2009 and 2014. In addition, the degree of hepatic trophic and the well-being of the individuals were considered, from the analysis of the hepatosomatic index (HSI). and the Fulton condition factor (CF), helping to characterize the quality of estuarine ecosystems. Calyptospora cysts were identified and quantified by percentage categories that are associated with their frequency when adhered to MM or when dispersed in the hepatocyte, as well as the number of vermiform parasites that were also accounted for. In general, no significant differences were observed regarding fish welfare in relation to the estuary. However, catfish from the northernmost sector of CIELC showed lower HR, which may be associated with anthropogenic influence in the region. The frequency of parasitism by Calyptospora was more significant in SSV in 2009, when it reached its peak in MM (53.1%), and the lowest frequency in CIELC in 2009 (6.7%). SSV catfish also had a higher mean MM value when compared to CIELC fish. Therefore, the anthropic influence and environmental stressors such as salinity may facilitate the occurrence of Calyptospora, since SSV fish presented a higher expression of parasites, but in CIELC fish were infected by Calyptospora in HP. The presence of the parasite in C. spixii and the MM count may be related to environmental pollution and different conditions of hydrochemistry, thus suggesting its efficiency as a tool for biomonitoring and environmental diagnosis in estuarine areas.