A margem nacional de apreciação e o espaço discricionário de atuação dos Estados nas Cortes Interamericana e Europeia de Direitos Humanos
Data
2021
Autores
Pacheco, Taina de Lucena 
Orientadores
Carvalho, Daniel Campos de
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Compreende-se a Teoria da Margem Nacional de Apreciação como: determinada lacuna, recuo ou espaço discricionário às normas e acordos internacionais conferido aos Estados-Membros no âmbito das Cortes Interamericana e Europeia de Direitos Humanos. Esta possui o objetivo de balancear a uniformidade e diversidade dentro do sistema internacional, é um mecanismo de preservação das variedades culturais na esfera dos direitos humanos e possui grande relação com a subsidiariedade da jurisdição do direito internacional, apesar de permanecer submetida ao controle internacional sobre a validade das decisões tomadas pelas jurisdições nacionais.
Inicialmente discorremos sobre o conceito e origem da Teoria da Margem Nacional de Apreciação, posteriormente sobres os principais aspectos com os quais esta teoria se relaciona. Abordaremos os principais motivos de sua criação, a relação entre a universalização dos direitos humanos bem como a falta de standards internacionais que tornam favorável a discricionaridade dos Estados membros das Cortes Interamericana e Europeia de Direitos Humanos.
Posteriormente consideraremos a presença do multiculturalismo e a representatividade parlamentar, a subsidiariedade dos Estados, as discussões sobre os limites de sua aplicação e por fim abordaremos a doutrina como ferramenta de conciliação ao analisar o caso 2 introdutório da Corte Europeia de Direitos Humanos e primeira Opinião Consultiva da Corte Interamericana de Direitos.
The National Margin of Appreciation Theory is recognize as a gap, retreat or discretionary space in the international norms and agreements granted to Member States within the scope of the International Courts of Human Rights. This aims to balance uniformity and diversity within the international system, is a mechanism for the preservation of cultural varieties in the sphere of Human Rights and has a strong relationship with the subsidiarity of the jurisdiction of International Law, although it remains subject to supranational control over the validity of decisions taken by national jurisdictions. Primarily we discuss the concept and origin of the National Margin of Appreciation Theory, later the main aspects with which this theory is related. We will discuss the main reasons for its creation, the relationship between the universalization of Human Rights as well as the lack of international standarts presented in the scenario favorable to the discretion of Member States. Subsequently, we will consider the presence of multiculturalism and parliamentary representation, the subsidiarity of the Member States of the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights, discussions about the limits of its application and, finally, we will approach the doctrine as a implemente of conciliation when analyzing the introductory case of the Court. European Union of Human Rights and the first Advisory Opinion of the Inter American Court of Rights.
The National Margin of Appreciation Theory is recognize as a gap, retreat or discretionary space in the international norms and agreements granted to Member States within the scope of the International Courts of Human Rights. This aims to balance uniformity and diversity within the international system, is a mechanism for the preservation of cultural varieties in the sphere of Human Rights and has a strong relationship with the subsidiarity of the jurisdiction of International Law, although it remains subject to supranational control over the validity of decisions taken by national jurisdictions. Primarily we discuss the concept and origin of the National Margin of Appreciation Theory, later the main aspects with which this theory is related. We will discuss the main reasons for its creation, the relationship between the universalization of Human Rights as well as the lack of international standarts presented in the scenario favorable to the discretion of Member States. Subsequently, we will consider the presence of multiculturalism and parliamentary representation, the subsidiarity of the Member States of the European and Inter-American Courts of Human Rights, discussions about the limits of its application and, finally, we will approach the doctrine as a implemente of conciliation when analyzing the introductory case of the Court. European Union of Human Rights and the first Advisory Opinion of the Inter American Court of Rights.