Reciclagem de embalagens multicamadas como matéria-prima secundária para a produção de blendas com PEAD
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Data
2024-02-20
Autores
Carvalho, Nathan Kevin [UNIFESP]
Orientadores
Lemes, Ana Paula [UNIFESP]
Tipo
Dissertação de mestrado
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
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Resumo
Os impactos ambientais decorrentes do acúmulo de resíduos no meio ambiente têm impulsionado a reciclagem, especialmente de materiais poliméricos, que consiste em uma ferramenta extremamente importante para o desenvolvimento da economia circular. Neste contexto, as embalagens multicamadas são dificilmente recicladas por causa da mistura de materiais em suas composições. Por esse motivo, neste trabalho foi estudada a utilização de embalagens multicamadas como matéria-prima secundária para a produção de blendas com polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD). As embalagens foram coletadas, higienizadas e caracterizadas por dissolução seletiva e precipitação, espectroscopia no infravermelho por transformada de Fourier (FTIR), e calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC) para a identificação dos polímeros que as compõem. Em seguida, as embalagens foram fragmentadas em um moinho de facas e processadas com PEAD nas proporções de 0:100, 25:75, 35:65 e 50:50, com 0%, 0,25% e 1% (m/m) de polietileno de alta densidade enxertado com anidrido maleico (PEAD-g-MA), como agente compatibilizante, em um homogeneizador termocinético, seguido por uma prensa sob pressão e temperatura. Os materiais produzidos foram caracterizados por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV), ensaio de tração, impacto Charpy, dureza Shore D e DSC. A composição das embalagens foi verificada em torno de 1,5-10% (m/m) de copolímero de etileno e álcool vinílico (EVOH) e poliamida (PA), e de 77-93% (m/m) de PEAD e polietileno de baixa densidade (PEBD). A análise morfológica mostrou que o agente compatibilizante melhorou a adesão das embalagens na matriz de PEAD. Contudo, a baixa concentração de EVOH e PA não alterou as propriedades das blendas significativamente, o que permite a reciclagem de concentrações ainda maiores de embalagens. A blenda PEAD/25EMB/0,25PEAD-g-MA apresentou a maior resistência à tração (19,3 MPa) e módulo elástico (921 MPa), e a blenda PEAD/50EMB/1PEAD-g-MA obteve a maior resistência ao impacto (12,39 kJ m-2). Após a reciclagem, as blendas preservaram as suas propriedades, confirmando a possibilidade de produção de blendas recicláveis a partir de embalagens multicamadas pós-consumo, com grande potencial de aplicação na indústria moveleira, construção civil e setor de embalagens, e contribuindo para a circularidade do ciclo de vida destes materiais.
The environmental problems related to waste accumulation have encouraged recycling, especially of polymeric materials. As consumption of disposable materials increased significantly in the last decades, recycling became an extremely important tool for development of circular economy. One of the materials produced in large scale is the multilayer packaging, which is hardly recycled by conventional processes because of consisting of distinct materials. Thus, multilayer packaging was applied as secondary feedstock for production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends. The packages were collected, sanitized and those in larger numbers were characterized by selective dissolution and precipitation technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to identify the polymers which they are made of. The packages were shredded in a knife mill and processed with HDPE in the fractions of 0:100, 25:75, 35:65 and 50:50, with 0 wt%, 0.25 wt% and 1 wt% of high-density polyethyle-graft-maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MA) as compatibilizer, in a thermokinetic homogenizer followed by a pneumatic press under pressure and temperature. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile, Charpy impact test, Shore D hardness, and DSC. The composition of the packaging was determined by 1.5-10 wt% of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA), and 77-93 wt% of HDPE and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Morphology analysis showed that the compatibilizer enhanced the adhesion of the packages in the HDPE matrix. However, low concentrations of EVOH and PA did not change significantly the blends properties, which makes it feasible the recycling of even higher concentrations of packaging. The blend 4.75HDPE/25EMB/0.25HDPE-g-MA obtained the highest tensile strength (19.3 MPa) and elastic modulus (921 MPa), and the blend 49HDPE/50EMB/1HDPE-g-MA obtained the highest impact resistance (12.39 kJ/m). After recycling, the blends properties were preserved, confirming the possibility of producing recyclable blends from post-consumer multilayer packaging, with great potential for application in the furniture industry, construction and packaging industry, and advancing into circularity for the life cycle of these materials.
The environmental problems related to waste accumulation have encouraged recycling, especially of polymeric materials. As consumption of disposable materials increased significantly in the last decades, recycling became an extremely important tool for development of circular economy. One of the materials produced in large scale is the multilayer packaging, which is hardly recycled by conventional processes because of consisting of distinct materials. Thus, multilayer packaging was applied as secondary feedstock for production of high-density polyethylene (HDPE) blends. The packages were collected, sanitized and those in larger numbers were characterized by selective dissolution and precipitation technique, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) in order to identify the polymers which they are made of. The packages were shredded in a knife mill and processed with HDPE in the fractions of 0:100, 25:75, 35:65 and 50:50, with 0 wt%, 0.25 wt% and 1 wt% of high-density polyethyle-graft-maleic anhydride (HDPE-g-MA) as compatibilizer, in a thermokinetic homogenizer followed by a pneumatic press under pressure and temperature. The materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), tensile, Charpy impact test, Shore D hardness, and DSC. The composition of the packaging was determined by 1.5-10 wt% of ethylene vinyl alcohol (EVOH) and polyamide (PA), and 77-93 wt% of HDPE and low-density polyethylene (LDPE). Morphology analysis showed that the compatibilizer enhanced the adhesion of the packages in the HDPE matrix. However, low concentrations of EVOH and PA did not change significantly the blends properties, which makes it feasible the recycling of even higher concentrations of packaging. The blend 4.75HDPE/25EMB/0.25HDPE-g-MA obtained the highest tensile strength (19.3 MPa) and elastic modulus (921 MPa), and the blend 49HDPE/50EMB/1HDPE-g-MA obtained the highest impact resistance (12.39 kJ/m). After recycling, the blends properties were preserved, confirming the possibility of producing recyclable blends from post-consumer multilayer packaging, with great potential for application in the furniture industry, construction and packaging industry, and advancing into circularity for the life cycle of these materials.
Descrição
Citação
CARVALHO, N. K. Reciclagem de embalagens multicamadas como matéria-prima secundária para a produção de blendas com PEAD. 2024. 140 p. Dissertação (Mestrado em Engenharia e Ciência de Materiais) - Instituto de Ciência de Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, 2024.