Promoção de justiça ambiental através de pagamentos por serviços ambientais: o caso dos territórios indígenas Jaraguá e Peguaoty, Estado de São Paulo
Data
2024-09-12
Autores
Santos, Rita de Cássia da Conceição 
Orientadores
Franchi, José Guilherme
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
Os serviços ambientais prestados pela natureza são fundamentais para a sustentação da vida, mas enfrentam crescentes e constantes ameaças. Para mitigar os impactos e promover a justiça ambiental, é necessário implementar técnicas de valoração ambiental que incentivem a conservação por meio de compensações monetárias ou de outras formas de reconhecimento. Sendo assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o desempenho de sistemas de remuneração por serviços ambientais, trazidos pelo Edital 04/2022 da FF, contemplados pelas comunidades indígenas do Jaraguá e Peguaoty, ambas no Estado de São Paulo, de forma a atender o ODS 15. O projeto "Guardiões da Floresta", financiado pelo Edital 04/2022 da Fundação Florestal (FF), órgão da Secretaria de Meio Ambiente, Infraestrutura e Logística, é o primeiro PSA no estado de São Paulo a recompensar e reconhecer as comunidades indígenas Guarani Mbyá por seus trabalhos na conservação ambiental. Sendo assim, as comunidades indígenas desses territórios foram selecionadas para o projeto "Guardiões da Floresta", com apoio do Centro de Trabalho Indigenista (CTI). A metodologia aqui utilizada incluiu a análise de artigos constantes de algumas bases de dados, livros de referência e publicações de ONGs indigenistas e ambientalistas, além de levantamento documental e análise de relatórios mensais e entrevistas realizadas pelo CTI com os Guaranis de ambos os territórios, além de uma análise SWOT para identificar forças, oportunidades, fraquezas e ameaças à sustentabilidade do projeto. Foi possível concluir que o PSA representa um avanço nas políticas ambientais brasileiras, especialmente em São Paulo, ao reconhecer os serviços prestados pelos Guaranis Mbyá. No entanto, são necessárias melhorias na abrangência do projeto para incluir todas as comunidades Guaranis e aumentar os recursos disponíveis. O projeto atende de forma satisfatória diversos Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável, com destaque para o ODS 15, que se refere à proteção e preservação da vida terrestre.
The environmental services provided by nature are essential for sustaining life, but they face increasing and constant threats. To mitigate impacts and promote environmental justice, it is necessary to implement environmental valuation techniques that encourage conservation through monetary compensation or other forms of recognition. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the performance of remuneration systems for environmental services, brought by FF Notice 04/2022, contemplated by the indigenous communities of Jaraguá and Peguaoty, both in the State of São Paulo, in order to meet SDG 15. The "Guardians of the Forest" project, Environment, Infrastructure and Logistics, is the first PSA in the state of São Paulo to reward and recognize the Guarani Mbyá indigenous communities for their work in environmental conservation. Therefore, the indigenous communities of these territories were selected for the "Guardians of the Forest" project, with support from the Indigenous Work Center (CTI). The methodology used here included the analysis of articles contained in several databases, reference books and publications by indigenous and environmental NGOs, in addition to a documentary survey and analysis of monthly reports and interviews conducted by the CTI with the Guaranis of both territories, in addition to a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats to the sustainability of the project. It was possible to conclude that the PSA represents an advance in Brazilian environmental policies, especially in São Paulo, by recognizing the services provided by the Guaranis Mbyá. However, improvements are needed in the scope of the project to include all Guaranis communities and increase the resources available. The project satisfactorily meets several Sustainable Development Goals, with emphasis on SDG 15, which refers to the protection and preservation of life on land.
The environmental services provided by nature are essential for sustaining life, but they face increasing and constant threats. To mitigate impacts and promote environmental justice, it is necessary to implement environmental valuation techniques that encourage conservation through monetary compensation or other forms of recognition. Therefore, this work aims to evaluate the performance of remuneration systems for environmental services, brought by FF Notice 04/2022, contemplated by the indigenous communities of Jaraguá and Peguaoty, both in the State of São Paulo, in order to meet SDG 15. The "Guardians of the Forest" project, Environment, Infrastructure and Logistics, is the first PSA in the state of São Paulo to reward and recognize the Guarani Mbyá indigenous communities for their work in environmental conservation. Therefore, the indigenous communities of these territories were selected for the "Guardians of the Forest" project, with support from the Indigenous Work Center (CTI). The methodology used here included the analysis of articles contained in several databases, reference books and publications by indigenous and environmental NGOs, in addition to a documentary survey and analysis of monthly reports and interviews conducted by the CTI with the Guaranis of both territories, in addition to a SWOT analysis to identify strengths, opportunities, weaknesses and threats to the sustainability of the project. It was possible to conclude that the PSA represents an advance in Brazilian environmental policies, especially in São Paulo, by recognizing the services provided by the Guaranis Mbyá. However, improvements are needed in the scope of the project to include all Guaranis communities and increase the resources available. The project satisfactorily meets several Sustainable Development Goals, with emphasis on SDG 15, which refers to the protection and preservation of life on land.