Avaliação espaço temporal da ictiofauna em Cananéia (SP, Brasil)
Data
2024-09-05
Autores
Azevedo, Pedro Brazzale Paes de 
Orientadores
Azevedo, Juliana de Souza
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
O estado de São Paulo abriga uma diversidade de ecossistemas aquáticos, e dentre eles, está o Complexo Estuarino-Lagunar de Cananéia-Iguape (CELCI), um sistema estuarino localizado no extremo Sul do estado de São Paulo. A grande biodiversidade no CELCI, tanto na fauna quanto na flora, geografia, além da riqueza histórica, social e cultural, é assunto de um alto número de estudos que buscam monitorar e entender o funcionamento do CELCI, a fim de auxiliar em sua proteção. Este estudo tem por objetivo caracterizar espaço-temporalmente a iciofauna do CELCI, utilizando diferentes indicadores bioecológicos. Os peixes foram coletados em novembro de 2021 e agosto de 2022, em 4 pontos, agrupados em dois setores com caracteristicas hidroquímicas diferentes: setor sul – mais marinho e mais preservado; setor norte – menor salinidade e maior influência antrópica. Os peixes coletados foram identificados, obtidos os dados de peso e tamanho, que foram utilizados para fins de obtenção de índices somáticos como o fator de condição (FC) e o índice hepatossomático (IHS). Foram obtidos ainda índices de diversidade e feita inferencias sobre a influência dos parâmetros ambientais na distribuição das espécies, a partir dos dados de abundância. Com os resultados obtidos, foi possível verificar uma maior abundância e diversidade de espécies no setor Sul do CELCI, corroborando com a hipótese de que as condições abióticas do Sul são mais propícias para apresentar maior biodiversidade. Destaca-se que a espécie Genidens genidens foi a mais abundante tanto espacialmente quanto temporalmente. Em termos ecológicos, em novembro de 2021 foram encontradas as maiores abundância e diversidade de espécies. Sendo este o período de reprodução da maioria das espécies, sugere-se que processos inerentes a reprodução, como o uso de reservas energéticas, refletidos em menores IHS e FC, são mais acentuados durante esse período.
The state of São Paulo is home to a great diversity of ecosystems, and among them is the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), an estuarine system located in the extreme south of the state of São Paulo. CIELC has a high biodiversity, both in fauna and flora, geography, in addition to it’s historical, social and cultural richness, is the subject of a large number of studies that seek to monitor and understand the functioning of CIELC, in order to assist in its protection. This study aims to characterize spatio-temporally the ichthyofauna at CIELC, using different bioecological indicators. Fish were captured in November 2021 and August 2022, in 4 points, grouped into two sectors with different hydrochemical characteristics: southern sector – larger marine and more preserved; northern sector – lower salinity and with greater human influence. The collected fish were identified, had their weight and size data obtained, which were used to obtain somatic indices such as the condition factor (CF) and the hepatosomatic index (HSI). Diversity indices were also obtained, and inferences were made about the influence of environmental parameters on the distribution of species, based on abundance data. With the results, it was possible to verify a greater abundance and diversity of species in the southern sector of the CIELC, corroborating the hypothesis that the abiotic conditions in the South are more conducive to presenting greater biodiversity. It is noteworthy that the species Genidens genidens was the most abundant both spatially and temporally. In ecological terms, in November 2021 the greatest abundance and diversity of species were found. As this is the reproduction period for most species, it is suggested that processes inherent to reproduction, such as the use of energy reserves, reflected in lower HSI and CF, are more accentuated during this period.
The state of São Paulo is home to a great diversity of ecosystems, and among them is the Cananeia-Iguape Estuarine-Lagoon Complex (CIELC), an estuarine system located in the extreme south of the state of São Paulo. CIELC has a high biodiversity, both in fauna and flora, geography, in addition to it’s historical, social and cultural richness, is the subject of a large number of studies that seek to monitor and understand the functioning of CIELC, in order to assist in its protection. This study aims to characterize spatio-temporally the ichthyofauna at CIELC, using different bioecological indicators. Fish were captured in November 2021 and August 2022, in 4 points, grouped into two sectors with different hydrochemical characteristics: southern sector – larger marine and more preserved; northern sector – lower salinity and with greater human influence. The collected fish were identified, had their weight and size data obtained, which were used to obtain somatic indices such as the condition factor (CF) and the hepatosomatic index (HSI). Diversity indices were also obtained, and inferences were made about the influence of environmental parameters on the distribution of species, based on abundance data. With the results, it was possible to verify a greater abundance and diversity of species in the southern sector of the CIELC, corroborating the hypothesis that the abiotic conditions in the South are more conducive to presenting greater biodiversity. It is noteworthy that the species Genidens genidens was the most abundant both spatially and temporally. In ecological terms, in November 2021 the greatest abundance and diversity of species were found. As this is the reproduction period for most species, it is suggested that processes inherent to reproduction, such as the use of energy reserves, reflected in lower HSI and CF, are more accentuated during this period.