Primary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals in Brazil

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dc.contributor.authorSprinz, Eduardo
dc.contributor.authorNetto, Eduardo M.
dc.contributor.authorLima, Maria Patelli J. S.
dc.contributor.authorFurtado, Juvenao J. D.
dc.contributor.authorEira, Margareth da
dc.contributor.authorZajdenverg, Roberto
dc.contributor.authorMadruga, Jose V.
dc.contributor.authorLewi, David S. [UNIFESP]
dc.contributor.authorPedro, Rogerio J.
dc.contributor.authorSoares, Marcelo A.
dc.contributor.institutionUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul
dc.contributor.institutionHosp Univ Prof Edgard Santos
dc.contributor.institutionPontificia Univ Catolica
dc.contributor.institutionHosp Heliopolis
dc.contributor.institutionInst Infectol Emilio Ribas
dc.contributor.institutionProjeto Praca Onze
dc.contributor.institutionCRT AIDS
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP)
dc.contributor.institutionUniversidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
dc.date.accessioned2016-01-24T13:58:43Z
dc.date.available2016-01-24T13:58:43Z
dc.date.issued2009-09-01
dc.description.abstractInfection with drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has been documented in all countries that have surveyed for it and may result in an unfavorable response to therapy. the prevalence and characteristics of individuals with transmitted resistance to antiretroviral drugs have been scarcely described in Brazil. We performed antiretroviral resistance testing prior to initiation of therapy in 400 subjects enrolled from 20 centers in 13 Brazilian cities between March and September 2007. Genotyping was conducted using PCR-amplified HIV pol products by automated sequencing, and genotype interpretation was done according to the IAS-USA consensus. of 400 eligible participants, 387 (95.8%) were successfully tested. Seven percent of antiretroviral-naive patients carried viruses with one or more major mutation associated with drug resistance. the prevalence of these mutations was 1.0% for protease inhibitors, 4.4% for nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, and 1.3% for nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. the frequency of multidrug resistance among the resistant strains was 13.6%. Among subjects infected with drug-resistant virus, the majority were infected with subtype B viruses (91%). Subjects from the city of São Paulo had higher transmitted resistance mutations compared to the rest of the country. Reporting a partner taking antiretroviral medications was associated with a higher chance of harboring HIV variants with major drug resistance mutations [odds ratio = 2.57 (95% confidence interval, 1.07-6.16); p = 0.014].Resistance testing in drug-naive individuals identified 7% of subjects with mutations associated with reduced susceptibility to antiretroviral drugs. Continued surveillance of drug-resistant HIV-1 in Brazil is warranted when guidelines for HIV prophylaxis and treatment are updated. Resistance testing among drug-naive patients prior to treatment initiation should be considered, mainly directed at subjects whose partners are already on antiretroviral therapy.en
dc.description.affiliationUniv Fed Rio Grande do Sul, Hosp Clin, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationHosp Univ Prof Edgard Santos, Salvador, BA, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationPontificia Univ Catolica, Hosp & Maternidade Celso Pierro, Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationHosp Heliopolis, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationInst Infectol Emilio Ribas, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationProjeto Praca Onze, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationCRT AIDS, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Estadual Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUniv Fed Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
dc.description.affiliationUnifespUniversidade Federal de São Paulo, EPM, São Paulo, Brazil
dc.description.sourceWeb of Science
dc.description.sponsorshipLaboratorio Pfizer do Brasil
dc.format.extent861-867
dc.identifierhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1089/aid.2009.0012
dc.identifier.citationAids Research and Human Retroviruses. New Rochelle: Mary Ann Liebert Inc, v. 25, n. 9, p. 861-867, 2009.
dc.identifier.doi10.1089/aid.2009.0012
dc.identifier.issn0889-2229
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/31797
dc.identifier.wosWOS:000269793700003
dc.language.isoeng
dc.publisherMary Ann Liebert Inc
dc.relation.ispartofAids Research and Human Retroviruses
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.titlePrimary Antiretroviral Drug Resistance among HIV Type 1-Infected Individuals in Brazilen
dc.typeinfo:eu-repo/semantics/article
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