Impacto de pesqueiros e avaliação do potencial invasor de espécies de peixes do trecho paulista da Bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Paraíba do Sul
Data
2023-07-10
Autores
Novais, Hianka Morais Ferreira 
Orientadores
Azevedo, Juliana de Souza
Tipo
Trabalho de conclusão de curso
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Resumo
A introdução de espécies não nativas é uma grande preocupação ambiental. Muitos impactos negativos são causados por espécies invasoras e essa problemática é considerada como uma das principais causas de perda de biodiversidade no mundo. Pesqueiros são empreendimentos voltados à pesca por lazer. Entretanto, há uma lacuna de informações na literatura científica sobre eventuais impactos associados a escapes de peixes não nativos mantidos nestes espaços. Neste contexto, esta pesquisa busca avaliar o potencial invasor de espécies de peixes não-nativos presentes em pesqueiros da Bacia Hidrográfica do Alto Paraíba do Sul (BH-APS), em seu trecho paulista. Os dados biológicos, ecológicos e histórico dispersos das espécies foram obtidos através de pesquisa documental e a análise dos dados foi realizada com auxílio do AS-ISK (Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screenig Kit), uma ferramenta de suporte à decisão quanto ao impacto de espécies invasoras, que utiliza 55 perguntas, agrupadas em 3 categorias: 1) Biogeografia/Histórico; 2) Biologia/Ecologia; e 3) Alterações Climáticas. Assim, as espécies selecionadas foram categorizadas quanto ao seu “grau de risco” de acordo com as pontuações atribuídos no AS-ISK, a saber: <1 = baixo risco; 1-23,9 = risco médio; e >24 = alto risco de invasão. Os resultados obtidos mostraram que os peixes não nativos Clarias gariepinus (Bagre Africano), Cyprinus Carpio (Carpa), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilápia-do-Nilo), Cichla sp. (tucunaré) e Salminus sp. (dourado) possuem alto potencial de invasão, uma vez que foram encontradas pontuações de 72, 50, 58, 48 e 35, respectivamente. Essas espécies têm potencial de causar impactos significativos tanto no setor comercial quanto no setor ambiental. Apesar de serem espécies não nativas, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pacu) e Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) foram classificados como espécies com médio potencial invasor, com pontuações de 19 e 22, respectivamente. Embora as espécies Hoplias malabaricus (Traíra) e Rhamdia quelen (Jundiá) sejam nativas da BH-APS, foram encontradas pontuações maiores que 24 (Traíra = 46, Jundiá = 25), demostrando assim que em caso de escapes dos pesqueiros, estes peixes podem causar significativos desequilíbrios na estrutura trófica da BH-APS. Finalmente, Cyphocharax gilbert (Sairú) apresentou um baixo potencial invasor (pontuação <1), demostrando assim a importância desta espécie nativa da BH-RPS para estrutura trófica local
A significant environmental concern is the introduction of non-native species. Invasive species have a variety of detrimental effects, and this problem is regarded as one of the primary drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Fishing ponds are recreational fishing establishments. The scientific literature, however, is lacking in information about the possible effects of the escape of non-native fish kept in these areas. This study intends to assess the possibility of non-native fish species being introduced to and escaping from fishing ponds in Upper Paraíba do Sul River Basin (UPS-RB), located in the São Paulo state. Data on species data were obtained through archival research, and data analysis was performed with the assistance of the AS-ISK (Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit), a decision support tool that uses 55 questions divided into three categories to assessing the impact of invasive species: 1) Biogeography/History; 2) Biology/Ecology; and 3) Climate Change. Thus, the selected species were categorized according to their "risk level" based on the scores assigned in the AS-ISK as follows: <1 = low risk; 1-23.9 = medium risk; and >24 = high risk of invasion. Scores of 72, 50, 58, 48, and 48 respectively indicated that the non-native fish species Clarias gariepinus (African catfish), Cyprinus carpio (Common carp), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), Cichla sp. (Peacock bass), and Salminus sp. (dourado) have a high invasion potential. Both the commercial and environmental sectors could be significantly impacted by these species. Although non-native, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pacu) and Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) were classified as species with a moderate invasive potential, with scores of 19 and 22, respectively. Although the species Hoplias malabaricus (Wolf fish) and Rhamdia quelen (Jundiá) are native to the UPS-RB, scores higher than 24 were found (Wolf fish = 46, Jundiá = 25), showing that in event that these fish escape from fishing ponds, they may significantly disrupt the trophic structure of the UPS-RB. Finally, Cyphocharax gilbert (Sairú) had a low invasive potential (score <1), highlighting the significance of this native species to the neighborhood trophic system in the UPS-RB
A significant environmental concern is the introduction of non-native species. Invasive species have a variety of detrimental effects, and this problem is regarded as one of the primary drivers of biodiversity loss globally. Fishing ponds are recreational fishing establishments. The scientific literature, however, is lacking in information about the possible effects of the escape of non-native fish kept in these areas. This study intends to assess the possibility of non-native fish species being introduced to and escaping from fishing ponds in Upper Paraíba do Sul River Basin (UPS-RB), located in the São Paulo state. Data on species data were obtained through archival research, and data analysis was performed with the assistance of the AS-ISK (Aquatic Species Invasiveness Screening Kit), a decision support tool that uses 55 questions divided into three categories to assessing the impact of invasive species: 1) Biogeography/History; 2) Biology/Ecology; and 3) Climate Change. Thus, the selected species were categorized according to their "risk level" based on the scores assigned in the AS-ISK as follows: <1 = low risk; 1-23.9 = medium risk; and >24 = high risk of invasion. Scores of 72, 50, 58, 48, and 48 respectively indicated that the non-native fish species Clarias gariepinus (African catfish), Cyprinus carpio (Common carp), Oreochromis niloticus (Nile Tilapia), Cichla sp. (Peacock bass), and Salminus sp. (dourado) have a high invasion potential. Both the commercial and environmental sectors could be significantly impacted by these species. Although non-native, Piaractus mesopotamicus (Pacu) and Colossoma macropomum (Tambaqui) were classified as species with a moderate invasive potential, with scores of 19 and 22, respectively. Although the species Hoplias malabaricus (Wolf fish) and Rhamdia quelen (Jundiá) are native to the UPS-RB, scores higher than 24 were found (Wolf fish = 46, Jundiá = 25), showing that in event that these fish escape from fishing ponds, they may significantly disrupt the trophic structure of the UPS-RB. Finally, Cyphocharax gilbert (Sairú) had a low invasive potential (score <1), highlighting the significance of this native species to the neighborhood trophic system in the UPS-RB