A governança das águas subterrâneas no estado de Santa Catarina
Date
2023-01-11
Authors
Menezes, Talita Dafne [UNIFESP]
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Villar, Pilar Carolina [UNIFESP]
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Trabalho de conclusão de curso de graduação
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Abstract
As águas subterrâneas são parte essencial de uma eficiente gestão de recursos hídricos, portanto torna-se indispensável uma política pública que assegure sua qualidade e quantidade. No Brasil, cada estado deve ser responsável pela sua própria gestão tendo em vista as diretrizes da legislação federal, porém a aplicação dos instrumentos de gestão e a coordenação entre as esferas de poder ainda apresentam fragilidades, principalmente no quesito de águas subterrâneas. O estado de Santa Catarina conta com dois grandes reservatórios subterrâneos, que são o Aquífero Serra Geral e um dos principais aquíferos transfronteiriços do país, Aquífero Guarani, que abrange parte dos territórios da Argentina, do Brasil, do Paraguai e do Uruguai. Parte da população do estado já utiliza esses reservatórios para suprir sua demanda de abastecimento, reforçando a necessidade de análise da aplicação da legislação no território. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a legislação referente à gestão de águas subterrâneas no estado de Santa Catarina através de análise documental e com base no Sistema de Avaliação de Governança das Águas Subterrâneas (SAGAS), que se trata de um conjunto de 48 indicadores jurídicos principais e 25 subordinados das principais obrigações previstas na legislação federal para as águas e temas correlacionados. O estado atingiu 100 pontos dos 169 possíveis, ou seja 59,17%, atingindo um desempenho moderado dentro da escala SAGAS, mas com um longo caminho a percorrer em uma eficiente governança das águas subterrâneas devido à falta de previsão legal ou regulamentação e implementação de obrigações jurídicas estaduais previstas na legislação federal.
Groundwater is an essential part of an efficient water resources management, therefore, a public policy that ensures its quality and quantity is essential. In Brazil, each state must be responsible for its own management in view of the guidelines of federal legislation, but the application of management instruments and coordination between the spheres of power still present weaknesses, especially in terms of groundwater. The state of Santa Catarina has two large underground reservoirs, which are the Serra Geral Aquifer and one of the main cross-border aquifers in the country, the Guarani Aquifer, which covers part of the territories of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Part of the state's population already uses these reservoirs to meet its demand, reinforcing the need to analyze the application of legislation in the territory. The objective of this study was to assess the legislation regarding the management of groundwater in the state of Santa Catarina through document analysis and based on the System of Evaluation of Governance of Groundwater (SAGAS), which is a set of 48 main legal indicators and 25 subordinates of the main obligations provided for in federal legislation for water and related issues. The state reached 100 points out of a possible 169, or 59.17%, achieving a moderate performance within the SAGAS scale, but with a long way to go in efficient groundwater governance due to the lack of legal forecast or regulation and implementation of state legal obligations provided for in federal law.
Groundwater is an essential part of an efficient water resources management, therefore, a public policy that ensures its quality and quantity is essential. In Brazil, each state must be responsible for its own management in view of the guidelines of federal legislation, but the application of management instruments and coordination between the spheres of power still present weaknesses, especially in terms of groundwater. The state of Santa Catarina has two large underground reservoirs, which are the Serra Geral Aquifer and one of the main cross-border aquifers in the country, the Guarani Aquifer, which covers part of the territories of Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay. Part of the state's population already uses these reservoirs to meet its demand, reinforcing the need to analyze the application of legislation in the territory. The objective of this study was to assess the legislation regarding the management of groundwater in the state of Santa Catarina through document analysis and based on the System of Evaluation of Governance of Groundwater (SAGAS), which is a set of 48 main legal indicators and 25 subordinates of the main obligations provided for in federal legislation for water and related issues. The state reached 100 points out of a possible 169, or 59.17%, achieving a moderate performance within the SAGAS scale, but with a long way to go in efficient groundwater governance due to the lack of legal forecast or regulation and implementation of state legal obligations provided for in federal law.
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Citation
MENEZES, Talita Dafne. A governança das águas subterrâneas no estado de Santa Catarina. 2022. 66 f. Trabalho de conclusão de curso (Graduação em Engenharia Ambiental) - Instituto do Mar, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Santos, 2022.